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宇宙物理基础(英文版)
  • 书号:9787030708212
    作者:李惕碚
  • 外文书名:
  • 装帧:平装
    开本:B5
  • 页数:249
    字数:
    语种:en
  • 出版社:科学出版社
    出版时间:2021-12-01
  • 所属分类:
  • 定价: ¥148.00元
    售价: ¥116.92元
  • 图书介质:
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  • 购买数量: 件  可供
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本书通过分析经典力学和狭义相对论的基本概念和理论架构,指出弯曲的物理位形空间中的广义坐标不是时空坐标;爱因斯坦的“弯曲时空”是一个束缚了基本物理学和宇宙学发展的错误假设,广义相对论的场方程描述的只是现象——引力场的弯曲,并不揭示新的引力规律,更不能用于描述均匀的宇宙;建立在广义相对论基础上的标准宇宙学,是一个不自洽的理论,存在诸多根本性的疑难。本书陈述了完整表述局域引力规律的引力场方程,以及符合宇宙学原理和物理学基本规律的引力中性宇宙模型。将宇宙视为被重力支配的单极世界是广义相对论的世界观。广义相对论场方程的方法论类似于绘画或处理大数据的机器智能,并不是探寻与表述普遍规律的科学方法。
  本书指出,只有接受宇宙的多极性,并且回归探索与表述自然规律的科学方法,才能为基本物理学与宇宙学理论建立必需的基础架构。
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目录

  • Contents
    Brief Introduction
    Preface
    Chapter 1 Classical and Relativity Spacetime 1
    1.1 Classic Mechanics 1
    1.1.1 Newtonian Mechanics 1
    Newton’s Laws 1
    Galileo Covariance 2
    Absolute Space and Inertial Forces 3
    1.1.2 Analytical Mechanics 3
    Configuration Space 3
    Principle of Least Action 4
    Two Kinds of Background Space 6
    1.1.3 Two Kinds of Physics Laws 7
    1.1.4 Flat Background Spacetime and Curved Configuration Space 9
    1.1.5 Does Curved Motion Originate from Space Warp? 10
    1.1.6 General Covariance of Analytical Mechanics 15
    1.2 Relativity 16
    1.2.1 Lorentz Space 16
    Lorentz Covariance 16
    Lorentz Space is Configuration Space 17
    Is Classical Spacetime Subverted? 17
    1.2.2 Electromagnetic Field 19
    1.2.3 If Charge Has Only One Sign 22
    Chapter 2 Relativistic Gravity 24
    2.1 Field Equation of Gravity in Curved Space 24
    2.1.1 Mathematical Scheme 24
    2.1.2 Principle of Equivalence and General Covariance 26
    2.2 Local Spacetime and Configuration Space in Relativistic Gravity 31
    2.2.1 Coordinates of Spacetime and Generalized Coordinates 31
    2.2.2 Two Types of Expressions of Dynamics 34
    2.2.3 How Riemann Understand Curved Space 36
    2.3 Physics and Geometry 38
    2.3.1 Two Kinds of Covariance 38
    2.3.2 Conservation Law and Symmetry 43
    2.4 Field Equation of Gravity in Flat Spacetime 46
    2.4.1 Physics Scheme 46
    2.4.2 If Repulsive Matter Exists 49
    2.4.3 Linearized Einstein’s Field Equation 52
    2.4.4 Gravitational Waves 53
    Equation of Gravitation Waves in Flat Vacuum 53
    Detect Gravitation Waves with Interferometer 54
    Can Gravitation Waves be Generated and Transported in Curved Spacetime? 56
    2.4.5 Two Field Equations of Gravity 57
    2.5 Zhou-Peng’s View of Spacetime 60
    2.5.1 Curved Spacetime and Background Spacetime of Motion 60
    2.5.2 Precession of Mercury’s Perihelion 61
    No Precession in Newtonian Theory 61
    No Precession in Curved Spacetime Too 62
    Precession only in Flat Spacetime 63
    Precession Problem Cannot be Resolved by Curved Spacetime 64
    2.5.3 Gravitational Waves in Flat Spacetime 66
    Chapter 3 Relativistic Cosmology 68
    3.1 Local and Non-Local Physics 68
    3.1.1 Locality of Relativistic Gravity 68
    3.1.2 Non-Local Universe 69
    3.2 The Standard Model of Cosmology 72
    Density of Mass-Energy 72
    Cosmological Constant 72
    R-W Metric 72
    Perfect Fluid 73
    Energy Equation 73
    Dynamic Equation 73
    Physics Basis of the Standard Model 74
    3.3 Difficulties in Relativistic Cosmology 74
    3.3.1 Energy Equation is Equivalent to Newton’s Cosmology 74
    3.3.2 Two Friedman Equations Contradict Each Other 76
    3.3.3 Is Gravity or Pressure Driving the Universe? 77
    Gravity Driven 77
    Pressure Driven 79
    3.3.4 Violation of Energy Conservation 81
    Cosmological Constant 81
    Energy Equation 82
    Dynamic Equation 84
    3.3.5 The Cosmological Constant Cannot Accelerate the Expansion 85
    3.3.6 The Principle of Equivalence Does Not Hold 86
    Chapter 4 Homogeneous, Isotropic and Flat Universe 88
    4.1 Absolute Motion and Absolute Spacetime 88
    4.2 Difficulties in Newtonian Mechanics and Cosmology 91
    4.2.1 Newman-Seeliger’s Paradox and Obers’ Paradox 92
    Newman-Seeliger’s Paradox 92
    Olbers’ Paradox 92
    4.2.2 Singularities 93
    Singular Point 93
    Infinite Potential Energy 93
    4.2.3 Inertial System 94
    4.3 The Gravitationally Neutral Universe 95
    4.3.1 Philosophers’ Opinions 95
    4.3.2 Local and Non-Local Gravity 97
    Chapter 5 Thermal Equilibrium Universe 99
    5.1 Thermal and Non-Thermal Radiation 99
    5.1.1 Non-Thermal Electromagnetic Radiation of Moving Charges 99
    5.1.2 Thermal Electromagnetic Radiation of Condensates 99
    5.1.3 Non-Thermal Gravitational Radiation of Moving Material Objects 100
    5.1.4 Cosmic Thermal Gravitational Radiation 100
    5.2 Local and Non-Local Thermal Radiations 101
    5.2.1 Blackbody Spectrum of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation 101
    5.2.2 The Universe without Baryons and Photons 103
    5.2.3 Thermalization of Gravitation 105
    5.3 Gravitational Radiation of the Dark Universe 106
    5.3.1 Thermal Equilibrium of the Universe 106
    Local Thermal Radiation 106
    Non-Local Thermal Radiation 107
    Thermal Equilibrium and Time Synchronization 107
    5.3.2 Condensed Universe 108
    5.3.3 Photons and Gravitational Phonons 110
    5.4 Energy Conversion in Expanding Universe 111
    5.4.1 Substance and Radiation 111
    5.4.2 Energy Conservation 113
    5.4.3 Photon-Phonon Thermal Transmission 114
    5.5 Puzzles in Thermomass Energy 116
    5.5.1 Guo Zeng-Yuan’s Problem 116
    5.5.2 Schr¨odinger’s Problem 117
    Chapter 6 Cosmic Dynamics 119
    6.1 Symmetry of the Cosmic Spacetime 119
    6.1.1 Non-Lorentz Invariance of the Cosmic Spacetime 119
    6.1.2 Galileo, Lorentz and “General Covariances” 120
    6.1.3 Galileo Symmetry of Cosmic Spacetime 122
    6.2 Dynamics of Neutral Vacuum 124
    6.2.1 Physical Image of the Expanding Universe 124
    Homogeneous and Isotropic System 124
    Expanding Universe 125
    Reduction and Emergence 125
    6.2.2 Energy Equation and Dynamic Equation 128
    Energy Equation 128
    Dynamic Equation 131
    6.2.3 Expansion without Phase Transition 131
    6.2.4 Cosmic Phase Transition 133
    Landau Theory 133
    Onsager Reciprocal Relations 134
    6.2.5 Expansion of Neutral Condensed Universe 135
    6.2.6 Cosmic Critical Phenomena 138
    6.3 Local and Non-Local Motions 140
    6.3.1 Expansion of the Cosmic Vacuum 140
    6.3.2 Particle Dynamics 141
    Chapter 7 Origin of the Universe 143
    7.1 Inflation 143
    7.2 Formation of Element Particles and Interactions 146
    7.2.1 The Cosmological Constant Problem 146
    7.2.2 Dirac’s Large Numbers 147
    7.3 Lack of CMB Quadrupole Anisotropy 150
    Chapter 8 What Is the Universe Made of? 158
    8.1 The Composition of Matter in the Universe 158
    8.2 Cosmic Perturbations 159
    8.3 Dark Matter 162
    8.3.1 Are There Dark-Matter Particles? 162
    8.3.2 Dark-Matter Halo Thermodynamics 163
    8.3.3 Dark-Matter Halo Dynamics 163
    Small-Scale Problems 163
    “The Axis of Evil” 165
    8.4 Dark Energy 168
    8.4.1 Cosmic Voids 168
    8.4.2 Hard Cores of Black Holes 169
    Explosion Mechanism of Supernova 169
    Motion Direction of Pulsar 170
    Jets of Black Holes 170
    Chapter 9 Fundamental Framework of Physics 175
    9.1 Space and Time 175
    9.1.1 Inertial Frame and Flat Spacetime 175
    9.1.2 Inertial Force and Reaction 177
    9.2 Laozi’s Cosmology 180
    9.2.1 Thales and Laozi 180
    Western Wisdom 180
    Eastern Wisdom 180
    9.2.2 One and Many 182
    “All Things Contain Yin and Yang” 182
    Big Bang and Phase Transition of Vacuum 183
    “Three Produced All Things” 183
    9.3 Three Physical Worlds 184
    9.3.1 Cosmic, Macro and Micro Physics 184
    Cosmic World 184
    Macro World 186
    Micro World 187
    Three Symmetries 187
    Chronology Protection Conjecture 188
    9.3.2 Historical Status of General Relativity 189
    9.4 Advances in Physics 191
    9.4.1 Revolution of Physics? 191
    9.4.2 Global and Local 192
    9.4.3 Continuous and Discrete 192
    9.4.4 Linearity and Nonlinearity 193
    Einstein’s Judgment 193
    Must Laws of Nature be Described in Curved Spacetime? 193
    Must Nonlinear Phenomena be Described by Nonlinear Equations? 194
    Two Kinds of Nonlinearity 195
    9.4.5 Return to Physics 197
    “Nonlinear Mathematical Scheme” 197
    Mathematical Conditions and Experiences 197
    Two Kinds of Physical Theories 199
    Modern Version of Ptolemaic System 201
    Uniform Spacetime 202
    Can Laws of Physics be Unified? 204
    9.5 Methodology and Worldview 207
    9.5.1 Describing Phenomena and Revealing Laws 208
    Phenomenological Theory 208
    General Relativity and Painting 211
    General Relativity and Machine Learning 215
    Key Facts and Big Data 216
    9.5.2 Unipolar World and Multiplex Universe 218
    Navigation Space 218
    “Gravity Hegemony” 219
    9.5.3 “Harmony is Achieved through Interaction” 220
    9.5.4 Foundation of Rationality and Harmony 222
    Appendix 1 Linearized Gravitational Field Equation 226
    Appendix 2 Track Stability in the Schwarzschild Field 229
    References 232
    Postscript Gauge Field and Curved Spacetime 244
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