Contents 1The Concept and Research Progress of Quantitative Traits 1 1.1History of Molecular Quantitative Genetics 1 1.2Concept and Genetic Characters of Quantitative Traits2 1.3Tools for Quantitative Trait Studies3 1.3.1Types of Molecular Markers4 1.3.2Applications of Molecular Markers4 1.4Progress and Prospect of QTL Mapping6 1.4.1Methods of QTL Mapping6 1.4.2QTL Mapping Progress6 1.4.3Application Prospects of QTL Mapping9 References 11 2 Genetic Analysis Methods of Quantitative Traits in Wheat13 2.1The Types and Quality of Genetic Populations 13 2.1.1The Types of Genetic Populations 13 2.1.2Genetic Population Construction and Some Key Notes to Consider19 2.1.3Quality of Genetic Populations24 2.2Types and Applications of Genetic Markers26 2.2.1Morphological Markers26 2.2.2 Cytological Markers26 2.2.3Biochemical Markers27 2.2.4DNA Molecular Markers27 2.3Statistical and Mapping Method of Quantitative Traits31 2.3.1The Principle of QTL Mapping31 2.3.2Methods of QTL Mapping32 2.4New Methods of QTL Mapping35 2.4.1Conditional QTL35 2.4.2eQTL Mapping Method36 2.4.3QTL Mapping Methods of New Gene Mining Germplasm37 References38 3 Construction of Molecular Genetic Map of Wheat41 3.1Genetic Map and Construction Methods43 3.1.1Concept of Genetic Map43 3.1.2Construction Methods of Genetic Map43 3.2Genetics Map Construction44 3.2.1Genetic Map Construction Using DH Population Derived from Huapei3 x Yumai57 44 3.2.2Genetic Map Constructed Using RIL Population Derived from Nuomai I x Gaocheng 8901 52 3.2.3Genetic Map Constructed Using RIL Population Derived from Shannong 01-35 x Gaocheng 9411 59 3.2.4High-Density Genetic Linkage Map Constructed Using SNP Markers and Others Markers66 3.2.5High-Density Genetic Linkage Map Constructed Using SNP Markers in Natural Population70 3.2.6Genetics Map Constructed Using a Wheat Backbone Parent "Aimengniu" and Derived Lines77 3.3Research Progress of Genetic Map Construction 86 3.3.1Comparsion of the Genetic Map with that of Previous Studies86 3.3.2Summary of Wheat Genetics Maps 87 References 91 4Genetic Detection of Main Yield Traits in Wheat 95 4.1Experimental Populations and Methods95 4.1.1Experimental Populations and Field Experimental Design95 4.1.2Traits Evaluation and Statistical Analysis97 4.2QTL Mapping for Main Yield Traits Using Different Populations98 4.2.1QTL Mapping for Spike-Related Traits 98 4.2.2QTL Mapping for Grain-Related Traits117 4.2.3The Summary and Comparison of QTL Mapping Results for Main Yield Traits Among Three Populations 123 4.3 QTL Mapping for Wheat Tiller Number in Different Period Using a DH population and an Immortalized F2 Population123 4.3.1Research Materials and Methods of Wheat Tiller Character 126 4.3.2QTL Mapping for Wheat Tiller Character in Different Period 127 4.3.3Research Progress of Wheat Tiller Character QTL Mapping and Comparision of the Results with Previous Studies131 4.4QTL Mapping for Biomass Yield, Grain Yield, and Straw Yield Using a DH Population132 4.4.1Materials and Methods 133 4.4.2QTL Mapping for Biomass Yield, Grain Yield, and Straw Yield134 4.4.3Research Progress of QTL Mapping for BY, GY. SY in Wheat and Comparision of the Results with Previous Studies 139 4.5QTL Analysis of Heterosis for Number of Grains and Grain Weight Per Spike Using a DH population and an Immortalized F2 Population141 4.5.1QTL-Based Analysis of Heterosis for Grain Number Per Spike 141 4.5.2QTL-Based Analysis of Heterosis for Grain Weight Per Spike 147 4.6QTL Analysis for Thousand-Grain Weight Using the High-Density Genetic Map 152 4.6.1QTL Mapping for Thousand-Grain Weight 152 4.6.2Research Progress of QTL Mapping for Thousand-Grain Weight and Comparision of the Results with Previous Studies 154 4.7Association Mapping for Spike-Related Traits Using Wheat Backbone Parent "Aimengniu" Population156 4.7.1Correlation Analysis for Spike-Related Phenotypic Traits 156 4.7.2Association Mapping for Spike-Related Traits 158 4.8Research Progress of QTL Mapping for Wheat Grain Yield Trait and Comparision of the Results with Previous Studies 163 4.8.1 0verview of QTL Mapping for Wheat Yield-Related Traits 163 4.8.2Comparision of the Results with Previous Studies 173 References173 5 Genetic Detection of Main Quality Traits in Wheat177 5.1 QTL Mapping of Wheat Kernel Quality Traits 178 5.1.1 QTL Mapping of Wheat Grain Quality Traits178 5.1.2Research Progress of Wheat Grain Quality QTL Mapping and Comparison with Previous Studies 186 5.2 QTL Mapping of Wheat Nutritional Quality Traits 187 5.2.1 QTL Mapping for the Protein Content of Wheat Grain and Flour 188 5.2.2QTL Mapping for Beneficial Mineral Elements204 5.2.3QTL Mapping of Amino Acid Content and Components in Wheat Grain213 5.2.4QTL Mapping of Carotenoid Pigments and Other Pigments222 5.3QTL Mapping for Flour Quality Traits228 5.3.1 QTL Mapping of Gluten Content and Gluten Index229 5.3.2QTL Mapping of Flour Whiteness, Color, and PPO Activity234 5.3.3QTL Mapping of Sedimentation Volume245 5.3.4QTL Mapping of Paste Viscosity Characteristics254 5.3.5QTL Mapping of Falling Number275 5.3.6 QTL Mapping of Starch Content and Components278 5.4QTL Mapping of Wheat Dough Rheological Characteristics281 5.4.1QTL Mapping for Farinograph Traits282 5.4.2QTL Mapping of Mixograph Traits291 5.4.3 QTL Mapping of Alveograph Traits300 5.5QTL Mapping of Wheat Processing Quality Traits306 5.5.1QTL Mapping for Noodle Cooking Quality Traits306 5.5.2QTL Mapping of Noodle Texture Property Analyzer (TPA) Parameters311 5.5.3QTL Mapping of Steamed Bread's Texture Property Analyzer (TPA) Parameters319 5.5.4QTL Mapping of Steamed Bread Specific Volume329 5.5.5QTL Mapping of Steamed Bread Color333 References344 6 Genetic Analysis of Main Physiological and Morphological Traits351 6.1QTL Mapping of Photosynthetic Characters in Wheat352 6.1.1QTL Mapping of Photosynthesis Characters of Wheat in Field353 6.1.2QTL Mapping of Photosynthesis of Wheat Seedlings in Phytotron363 6.1.3QTL Mapping of Dry Matter Production (DMA) and Fv/Fm at Jointing and Anthesis Stage in Field368 6.1.4Research Progress of Photosynthetic Characters QTL Mapping and Comparison of the Results with Previous Studies376 6.2QTL Conferring Microdissection Characteristics of Wheat Stem382 6.2.1 QTL Mapping for Anatomical Traits of Second Basal Internode382 6.2.2QTL Mapping for Anatomical Traits of the Uppermost Internode387 6.2.3Research Progress of Anatomical Traits of Culm QTL Mapping and Comparison of the Results with Previous Studies396 6.3QTL Mapping and Effect Analysis of Heading Date397 6.3.1 QTL Analysis of Heading Date Based on a DH Population Derived from the Cross of Huapei 3 x Yumai57 398 6.3.2QTL Analysis of Heading Date Based on a RIL Population Derived from the Cross of Nuomai I X Gaocheng 8901 399 6.3.3QTL Analysis of Heading Date Based on a RIL Population Derived from the Cross of Shannong 01-35 x Gaocheng 9411 404 6.3.4Research Progress of Growth Period QTL Mapping and Comparison of the Results with Previous Studies406 6.4 QTL Mapping of Cell Membrane Permeability of Wheat Leaf Treated by Low Temperature408 6.4.1 QTL Mapping for Cell Membrane Permeability of Wheat Leaf408 6.4.2Research Progress of Cell Membrane Permeability QTL Mapping and Comparison of the Results with Previous Studies411 6.5QTL Mapping of Root Traits in Wheat413 6.5.1 QTL Mapping and Effects' Analysis of Root Traits414 6.5.2Research Progress of Root Traits' QTL Mapping and Comparison of the Results with Previous Studies420 6.6QTL Mapping Conferring Leaf-Related Traits in Wheat425 6.6.1 QTL Mapping for Leaf Morphology of Wheat Based on a DH Population425 6.6.2Association Analysis for Leaf Morphology Based on a Natural Population Derived from the Founder Parent Aimengniu and Its Progenies431 6.6.3Research Progress of Leaf Morphology QTL Mapping and Comparison of the Results with Previous Studies434 References439 7Genetic Dissection of Stress-Tolerance Traits in Wheat445 7.1QTL Mapping and Effect Analysis of Drought Resistance446 7.1.1 QTL Mapping of Drought Resistance Traits447 7.1.2Research Progress of Drought Resistance QTL Mapping in Wheat and Comparison of the Results with the Previous Studies452 7.2 QTL Mapping and Effect Analysis of Heavy Metals Resistance453 7.2.1QTL Mapping for Seedling and Root Traits Under Cadmium Stress454 7.2.2QTL Mapping for Seedling and Root Traits of Wheat Under Chromium Stress463 7.2.3Research Progress of Heavy Metals Resistance QTL Mapping and Comparison of the Results with the Previous Studies470 7.3QTL Mapping and Effect Analysis for Wheat Preharvest Sprouting Resistance472 7.3.1 QTL Mapping for Wheat Preharvest Sprouting Resistance472 7.3.2Research Progress of Preharvest Sprouting Resistance QTL Mapping and Comparison of the Results with the Previous Studies476 7.4QTL Mapping and Effect Analysis of Disease Resistance481 7.4.1QTL Mapping for Adult-Plant Resistance to Powdery Mildew481 7.4.2QTL Mapping for Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight482 7.4.3Research Progress of Wheat Disease-Resistant QTL Mapping and Comparison of the Results with the Previous Studies486 7.5QTL Mapping and Effect Analysis of Salt Resistance494 7.5.1QTL Mapping of Salt-Resistance Traits495 7.5.2Research Progress of Salt-Tolerance Traits QTL Mapping and the Comparative Analysis with this Study505 7.6QTLs Mapping of Potassium-Deficiency Tolerance at the Seedling Stage in Wheat507 7.6.1QTL Mapping of Potassium-Deficiency Tolerance508 7.6.2Research Progress of Potassium-Deficiency Tolerance QTL Mapping and the Comparative Analysis with this Study519 References520 Afterword527