目录 第1章 绪论1 1.1航空伽马能谱探测技术的效能1 1.2航空伽马能谱探测仪器的进展1 1.3各章 节主要内容安排3 参考文献3 第2章 航空伽马能谱探测的理论基础4 2.1地-空界面上伽马射线的来源4 2.1.1地表伽马射线4 2.1.2空间伽马射线14 2.1.3宇生地表伽马射线17 2.1.4人工伽马射线22 2.1.5天然放射性核素的伽马射线能谱22 2.2地-空界面上天然伽马能谱成分的变化23 2.2.1伽马射线与物质相互作用24 2.2.2地-空界面上天然伽马射线谱平衡26 2.2.3地-空界面上天然伽马能谱的数值模拟27 2.2.4放射性本底区地-空界面上γ射线谱31 2.2.5放射性异常区地-空界面上γ射线谱31 2.3不同形状辐射体空中伽马射线照射量率32 2.3.1点状辐射体32 2.3.2线状辐射体33 2.3.3面状辐射体33 2.3.4圆锥台状辐射体34 2.4航空伽马射线仪器谱的形成及复杂化35 2.4.1航空伽马射线仪器谱的形成35 2.4.2航空伽马射线仪器谱的复杂化37 参考文献39 第3章 航空伽马能谱仪40 3.1航空伽马能谱探头40 3.1.1航空伽马能谱探头的组成40 3.1.2射线探测器的选型42 3.1.3NaI（Tl）+PMT闪烁计数器的温度效应45 3.2探测器前置电路设计52 3.2.1前置电路设计的考虑52 3.2.2低噪声前置跟随器设计54 3.2.3低纹波高压电源设计56 3.3大气氡校正的硬件措施61 3.4航空伽马能谱探头的封装技术62 3.4.1探头的机械设计62 3.4.2散热与保温设计63 3.4.3抗震设计64 3.5航空伽马能谱仪主控系统64 3.5.1航空伽马能谱仪主控系统的参数指标64 3.5.2主控系统的基本构架65 3.5.3全数字化能谱仪的关键性电路71 3.5.4单元电路测试109 参考文献112 第4章 航空伽马能谱测量方法技术114 4.1不同高度空中伽马射线照射量率变化规律114 4.1.1理论计算114 4.1.2不同高度伽马射线照射量率的数值模拟116 4.1.3不同高度试验120 4.2不同湿度土壤上方伽马射线能谱变化123 4.2.1理论模型123 4.2.2MC数值模拟124 4.2.3物理实验127 4.3航空伽马射线仪器谱的解析技术129 4.3.1能谱降噪技术和弱峰提取技术129 4.3.2康普顿散射本底扣除技术135 4.3.3航空伽马能谱仪器谱全谱解析技术138 4.4航空伽马能谱测量大气氡校正技术145 4.4.1大气中氡对航空伽马能谱测量的影响145 4.4.2谱线比大气氡校正技术149 4.4.3谱线比系数151 4.5航空伽马能谱测量低能谱地质响应158 4.5.1地面低能伽马能谱分布同地层介质之间的关系158 4.5.2空气对伽马射线低能谱段的影响162 4.5.3伽马能谱低能谱段地面应用166 4.6航空伽马能谱仪标定技术171 4.6.1剥离系数法171 4.6.2全谱解析法173 参考文献174 第5章 航空伽马能谱测量数据处理与解释技术176 5.1航空伽马能谱测量数据处理方法176 5.1.1方差分析176 5.1.2主成分分析184 5.1.3常规趋势面分析188 5.2航空伽马能谱测量数据弱信息提取技术189 5.2.1航空伽马能谱测量数据降噪技术189 5.2.2航空伽马能谱测量数据弱异常圈定技术196 参考文献199 第6章 航空伽马能谱探测技术的应用200 6.1在地质填图中应用200 6.1.1实例1：红山头钾长花岗岩岩体划分应用201 6.1.2实例2：尾亚花岗岩岩体划分应用202 6.1.3实例3：唐古尔塔格南部花岗斑岩岩体划分应用205 6.1.4实例4：镜儿泉闪长岩岩体划分应用205 6.1.5实例5：别列则克河闪长岩岩体划分应用207 6.1.6实例6：红石山基性—超基性岩岩体划分应用209 6.1.7实例7：扫子山北杂岩岩体划分应用210 6.1.8实例8：三合村—朱家黄河决口扇沉积岩岩体划分应用212 6.1.9实例9：西乌旗—巴林左旗航空伽马能谱岩性构造填图应用212 6.2在固体矿产勘查中应用213 6.2.1航空伽马能谱探测技术直接寻找铀矿214 6.2.2航空伽马能谱探测技术直接寻找钾矿227 6.2.3航空伽马能谱探测技术间接调查非放射性矿产234 6.3在油气勘探中应用257 6.3.1实例1：莎尔图油田勘查258 6.3.2实例2：羊三木油田勘查259 6.3.3实例3：枣园油田勘查259 6.3.4实例4：临盘油田勘查260 6.3.5实例5：双河油田勘查262 6.3.6实例6：井楼油田勘查263 6.3.7实例7：柴达木盆地冷湖地区油田勘查264 6.3.8实例8：二连盆地南部地区油田勘查266 6.3.9实例9：任丘油田勘查267 6.4在辐射环境调查中的应用269 6.4.1实例1：北京南部地区天然辐射环境评价269 6.4.2实例2：广东南部珠海—深圳地区天然辐射环境评价271 6.4.3实例3：东营市放射性污染调查271 6.4.4实例4：新疆尾亚放射性污染调查272 6.4.5实例5：上海市辐射环境航空测量调查273 6.4.6实例6：石家庄市辐射环境航空测量调查275 6.5在核应急中的应用276 6.5.1航空伽马能谱测量在核应急中效能276 6.5.2核应急航空监测方法277 参考文献284 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Usefulness of Airborne Gamma ray Spectrum Detection 1 1.2 Development of Airborne Gamma ray Spectrometer 1 1.3 Arrangement of Chapters 3 References 3 Chapter 2 Theory of Airborne Gamma ray Spectrum Detection 4 2.1 Sources of Air-Ground Gamma ray 4 2.1.1 Ground Gamma ray 4 2.1.2 Aerial Gamma ray 14 2.1.3 Air-Ground Gamma ray from Cosmic Ray 17 2.1.4 Artificial Gamma ray 22 2.1.5 Gamma ray Spectra from Natural Radionuclides 22 2.2 Variety of Air-Ground Gamma ray Spectra 23 2.2.1 Interaction of Gamma ray and Matter 24 2.2.2 Air-Ground Gamma ray Spectrum Equilibrium 26 2.2.3 Air-Ground Gamma ray Spectrum Simulation 27 2.2.4 Air-Ground Gamma ray Spectrum in Background Area 31 2.2.5 Air-Ground Gamma ray Spectrum in Radioactive Anomaly Area 31 2.3 Gamma ray Exposure Rate from Shaped Radiation Bodies 32 2.3.1 Point Gamma ray Source 32 2.3.2 Line-Shaped Radiation Body 33 2.3.3 Plane-Shaped Radiation Body 33 2.3.4 Cone-Shaped Radiation Body 34 2.4 Formation and Complexity of Airborne Gamma ray Instrument Spectrum 35 2.4.1 Formation of Airborne Gamma ray Instrument Spectrum 35 2.4.2 Complexity of Airborne Gamma ray Instrument Spectrum 37 References 39 Chapter 3 Airborne Gamma ray Spectrometer 40 3.1 Probe of Airborne Gamma ray Spectrometer 40 3.1.1 Components of Probe 40 3.1.2 Airborne Gamma ray Spectrum Detector 42 3.1.3 Temperature Influence on NaI（Tl）+PMT 45 3.2 Design of Pre-Amplifier 52 3.2.1 Consideration of Pre-Amplifier 52 3.2.2 Design of Low Noise Pre-Amplifier 54 3.2.3 Design of Low Noise HV Circuit 56 3.3 Design for Radon Correction 61 3.4 Package for Aerial Gamma ray Detector 62 3.4.1 Machine Design of Probe 62 3.4.2 Thermal Dissipation and Insulation of Probe 63 3.4.3 Design for Anti-Vibration 64 3.5 Main Circuit Units of Aerial Gamma ray Spectrometer 64 3.5.1 Consideration of Main Circuit Units 64 3.5.2 Framework of Main Circuit Units 65 3.5.3 Key Circuit of Digital Gamma ray Spectrometer 71 3.5.4 Testing 109 References 112 Chapter 4 Airborne Gamma ray Spectrometry（AGS）Techniques 114 4.1 Relationship Between Exposure and Height 114 4.1.1 Theoretical Calculation 114 4.1.2 Simulation by MC Method 116 4.1.3 Experiments 120 4.2 Relationship Between Gamma ray Spectrum and Water Content in Soil 123 4.2.1 Theoretical Model 123 4.2.2 Simulation by MC Method 124 4.2.3 Experiments 127 4.3 Spectrum Analysis of Airborne Gamma ray Spectrum 129 4.3.1 Denoise and Weak Peak Analysis Method 129 4.3.2 Baseline Estimation Method 135 4.3.3 Full Spectrum Analysis Method 138 4.4 Radon Correction for Airborne Gamma ray Measurement 145 4.4.1 Influence of Radon in the Air 145 4.4.2 Spectral-Ratio Radon Correction in AGS 149 4.4.3 Spectral-Ratio Coefficients 151 4.5 Geological Response of Low Energy Gamma ray Spectrum 158 4.5.1 Relationship Between Low Energy Spectrum and Lithology 158 4.5.2 Influence of Air on Low Energy Spectrum 162 4.5.3 Application of Low Energy Spectrum to Ground Gamma ray Measurement 166 4.6 Calibration of Airborne Gamma ray Spectrometer 171 4.6.1 Stripping Method 171 4.6.2 Full Spectrum Analysis Method 173 References 174 Chapter 5 Data Processing and Interpretation 176 5.1 Data Processing Method 176 5.1.1 Variance Analysis Method 176 5.1.2 Principal Component Analysis Method 184 5.1.3 Trend Analysis Method 188 5.2 Extraction Weak Information Method 189 5.2.1 Denoise Method to Survey Data 189 5.2.2 Weak Anomaly Determination to Survey Data 196 References 199 Chapter 6 Application of AGS 200 6.1 Application of AGS in Geological Mapping 200 6.1.1 Example 1：Distinguishing Moyite Body in Hongshantou 201 6.1.2 Example 2：Distinguishing Weiya Granite Body 202 6.1.3 Example 3：Distinguishing Granite Body in South of Tangguertage 205 6.1.4 Example 4：Distinguishing Diorite Body in Jingerquan 205 6.1.5 Example 5：Distinguishing Diorite Body in Bieliezekehe 207 6.1.6 Example 6：Distinguishing Basic and Ultrabasic Rock Body in Hongshishan 209 6.1.7 Example 7：Distinguishing Complex Body in North of Saozishan 210 6.1.8 Example 8：Distinguishing Fan sedimentary rock Body in Sanhecun &Zhujia 212 6.1.9 Example 9：Geological Structure Mapping in Xiwuqi & Balinzhuoqi 212 6.2 Application of AGS in Solid Mineral Exploration 213 6.2.1 Uranium 214 6.2.2 Potassium 227 6.2.3 Non-Radioactive Minerals 234 6.3 Application of AGS in Oil and Gas Exploration 257 6.3.1 Example 1：Exploration in Shaertu Oil Field 258 6.3.2 Example 2：Exploration in Yangsanmu Oil Field 259 6.3.3 Example 3：Exploration in Zaoyuan Oil Field 259 6.3.4 Example 4：Exploration in Linpan Oil Field 260 6.3.5 Example 5：Exploration in Shuanghe Oil Field 262 6.3.6 Example 6：Exploration in Jinglou Oil Field 263 6.3.7 Example 7：Exploration in Qaidam Basin Lenghu Area Oil Field 264 6.3.8 Example 8：Exploration in the South of Erlian Basin Oil Field 266 6.3.9 Example 9: Exploration in Renqiu Oil Field 267 6.4 Application of AGS in Environmental Radiation Investigation 269 6.4.1 Example 1: Evaluation of Natural Radiation Environment in the South of Beijing 269 6.4.2 Example 2: Evaluation of Natural Radiation Environment in the South of Guangdong Zhu hai & Shenzhen Area 271 6.4.3 Example 3:Survey of Radioactive Contamination in Dongying 271 6.4.4 Example 4:Survey of Radioactive Contamination in Xinjiang，Weiya Area 272 6.4.5 Example 5: Survey of Aerial Radiation Environment in Shanghai 273 6.4.6 Example 6: Survey of Aerial Radiation Environment in Shijiazhuang 275 6.5 Application of AGS in Nuclear Emergency Monitoring 276 6.5.1 Usefulness of AGS in Nuclear Emergency 276 6.5.2 Methodology of AGS in Nuclear Emergency 277 References 284
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