目录 序 前言 第一篇东部草原区大型煤电基地生态修复技术集成研究 第1章大型煤电基地能源可持续开发的生态修复实践与挑战 3 1.1东部草原区大型煤电基地能源开发的基本环境 3 1.1.1东部草原区区域自然环境背景 3 1.1.2大型煤电基地区域资源环境条件 6 1.1.3东部草原区大型煤电基地区域资源开发概况 11 1.2大型煤电基地区域生态治理实践概述 14 1.2.1区域规划控制 14 1.2.2治理模式研究 20 1.2.3矿区生态修复实践 27 1.3东部草原区大型煤电基地可持续开发生态安全保障挑战 32 1.3.1大型煤电基地开发需求分析 32 1.3.2大型煤电基地生态安全面临的主要问题 34 1.3.3大型煤电基地可持续开发生态安全保障技术途径 36 第2章大型煤电基地生态修复关键技术集成模式与方法 38 2.1大型煤电基地生态修复关键技术集成模式 38 2.1.1技术集成思路 39 2.1.2技术集成原则 42 2.1.3技术集成模式 44 2.2大型煤电基地生态修复关键技术集成方法 49 2.2.1面向全过程减损的系统工程法 49 2.2.2面向近自然恢复目标的仿生工程法 50 2.2.3基于生态效果修复指标控制集成法 54 2.3大型煤电基地生态修复关键技术效果评价 57 2.3.1生态修复效果评价指标体系构建 57 2.3.2单项技术效果评价法 60 2.3.3分类技术效果评价法 61 2.3.4综合技术效果评价法 61 第3章大型煤电基地生态修复示范工程实施模式与方法 66 3.1大型煤电基地生态修复示范工程实施模式 66 3.2大型煤电基地受损生态系统生态修复示范工程 68 3.2.1露天采场采排复一体化生态修复工程 69 3.2.2大型煤电基地生态修复技术集成应用工程 70 3.3大型煤电基地生态修复示范工程实施方法 75 3.3.1生态修复示范工程管理的内容 75 3.3.2PDCA工程质量管控理论及应用 77 3.3.3大型煤电基地生态修复示范工程的PDCA管理范式 81 本篇小结 86 第二篇半干旱草原区露天煤矿生态修复与地下水保护利用技术示范 第4章锡林郭勒大型煤电基地生态修复技术背景与示范工程设计 91 4.1锡林郭勒大型煤电基地生态修复示范区概况 91 4.1.1锡林郭勒示范区域概况 91 4.1.2胜利露天矿示范工程概况 93 4.2东部半干旱草原区露天矿生态修复实践难点 99 4.3锡林郭勒大型煤电基地生态修复关键技术示范工程设计 99 4.3.1关键技术示范总体设计与工程布局 99 4.3.2大型露天矿减损型采排复一体化 106 4.3.3大型露天矿区地表生态修复新技术试验工程 117 4.3.4大型露天矿区景观生态恢复技术示范工程 121 4.3.5大型露天矿区废弃地生态恢复工程 135 4.3.6大型露天矿区地下水观测网构建及数据采集 138 第5章锡林郭勒大型煤电基地生态修复关键技术效果评价 141 5.1大型露天矿减损型采排复一体化 141 5.1.1减损型采排复一体化 141 5.1.2近地表层结构优化与重构 148 5.2大型露天矿区地表生态修复新技术试验工程 158 5.2.1贫瘠土壤改良与重构关键技术 158 5.2.2优势植物筛选及优化配置 164 5.2.3基于微生物的植物促生保育技术 167 5.3大型露天矿区景观生态恢复技术示范工程 168 5.3.1基于干草的植物恢复型边坡生态稳定性提升技术 168 5.3.2仿自然地貌整形（内排）水土流失控制 172 5.3.3矿区生态景观廊道生境恢复工程 176 5.3.4矿区退化生境区修复工程 179 5.4大型露天矿区废弃地生态恢复工程 181 5.4.1开采废弃地生态恢复 181 5.4.2废弃地利用-矿坑水储存与生态景观利用 184 5.5大型露天矿区地下水观测网构建及数据采集 186 5.5.1技术应用过程 186 5.5.2试验效果分析 188 第6章蒙东半干旱草原区大型露天矿生态修复技术应用解决方案 193 6.1大型露天矿生态建设面临问题和需求 193 6.1.1大型露天矿生态建设面临问题 193 6.1.2大型露天矿区生态建设技术需求 195 6.2大型露天矿区生态修复关键技术应用推广设计 197 6.2.1内排土场：生态减损与修复区 197 6.2.2外排土场（沿帮排土场）：系统重整区 199 6.2.3外排土场（南排土场）：生态系统健康提升区 200 6.2.4外排土场（北排土场）：生态稳定性恢复区 201 6.2.5露天矿区景观优化与功能提升 203 本篇小结 207 第三篇酷寒草原区露天煤矿生态修复与地下水保护利用技术示范 第7章呼伦贝尔大型煤电基地生态修复技术背景与示范工程设计 211 7.1呼伦贝尔大型煤电基地生态修复示范区概况 211 7.1.1呼伦贝尔煤电基地示范区域概况 211 7.1.2宝日希勒露天煤矿示范工程区概况 216 7.2东部酷寒草原区露天矿生态修复实践难点 218 7.3呼伦贝尔煤电基地生态修复关键技术示范工程设计 220 7.3.1关键技术示范总体设计与工程布局 220 7.3.2大型露天矿减损型采排复一体化技术试验工程 223 7.3.3大型露天矿区地下水流场信息采集示范工程 226 7.3.4大型露天矿地下水库构建技术试验工程 231 7.3.5大型露天矿区地表生态修复新技术试验工程 239 7.3.6大型露天矿区废弃地生态恢复工程 250 7.3.7大型露天矿区景观功能提升关键技术示范工程 252 第8章呼伦贝尔大型煤电基地生态修复关键技术效果评价 257 8.1大型露天矿减损型采排复一体化 257 8.1.1节地减损开采新技术试验及效果分析 257 8.1.2露天矿剥采排复协同新技术试验及效果分析 261 8.1.3地表土壤层重构与生态修复新技术试验及效果分析 270 8.2大型露天矿区地下水资源保护与利用技术试验及效果 278 8.2.1矿区地下水观测网建设及效果分析 278 8.2.2露天矿地下水库构建及效果分析 284 8.2.3近地表生态型储水层构建试验及效果分析 298 8.3大型露天矿区地表生态修复新技术试验及效果分析 304 8.3.1排土场边坡仿自然微地貌土地整形新技术试验及效果分析 305 8.3.2植物优选与微生物促进技术试验及效果分析 308 8.4大型露天矿区地表废弃地生态修复与景观提升技术试验及效果分析 312 8.4.1废弃地生态修复及效果分析 312 8.4.2废弃地利用-矿坑水储存与生态景观利用 322 8.4.3边坡水土流失控制技术试验及效果分析 322 8.4.4排土场平台区景观功能提升技术试验及效果分析 323 第9章蒙东酷寒草原区大型露天矿生态修复技术应用解决方案 326 9.1大型露天矿生态建设面临问题和需求 326 9.1.1矿区地表生态修复技术需求 326 9.1.2地下水资源保护与利用技术需求 327 9.2大型露天矿区生态修复关键技术应用推广设计 328 9.2.1采排复一体化技术应用 328 9.2.2外排土场重整与系统提升 335 9.2.3内排土场景观边坡改进与提升 337 9.2.4矿坑水洁净储存与生态利用 339 本篇小结 345 第四篇酷寒草原区井工煤矿生态修复与地下水保护利用技术示范 第10章敏东一矿生态修复技术背景与示范工程设计 349 10.1敏东一矿示范区概况 349 10.1.1地理位置 349 10.1.2地形地貌 349 10.1.3气候与土壤、植被 350 10.1.4水文地质概况 351 10.1.5煤炭赋存及开采情况 353 10.2敏东一矿矿井水保护与利用研究概况 354 10.3东部草原酷寒区井工矿生态修复实践难点 355 10.4敏东一矿生态修复示范区关键技术示范工程设计 355 10.4.1关键技术示范总体设计与工程布局 355 10.4.2沉陷地生态修复示范工程 360 10.4.3地下水储存与利用示范工程 363 10.4.4地下水原位保护可行性研究与试验工程 372 10.4.5草原沙化地控制示范工程 378 第11章敏东一矿生态修复与地下水保护关键技术效果评价 384 11.1示范工程总体实施情况 384 11.1.1生态修复工程实施情况 384 11.1.2地下水资源保护与利用工程实施情况 384 11.2示范工程实施分项效果 385 11.2.1生态修复示范工程实施情况及预期效果 385 11.2.2地下水库储存可行性验证效果 391 11.2.3矿井水转移储存可行性试验 393 11.2.4矿井水生态修复利用可行性试验 400 11.2.5地下水原位保护与利用研究进展及预期效果 409 第12章蒙东酷寒草原区井工煤矿生态修复技术应用解决方案 418 12.1敏东一矿生态建设规划 418 12.1.1井工矿区生态建设思路 418 12.1.2井工矿区生态治理重点区域 418 12.1.3敏东一矿生态建设面临的难点问题和需求 419 12.2敏东一矿生态修复技术应用模式与关键技术体系 422 12.2.1井工矿区生态修复技术应用模式 422 12.2.2井工矿区生态修复关键技术体系 423 12.3生态建设重点工程 423 12.3.1采煤沉陷区生态修复工程 423 12.3.2矿区周围沙化地及潜在沙化地整治 427 12.3.3井下地下水资源原位保护工程 429 本篇小结 433 结束语 435 主要参考文献 437 Contents Foreword Preface Part ⅠIntegrated Research on Ecological Restoration Technology of Large Coal Power Base in Eastern Grassland Chapter 1Ecological Restoration Practice and Challenges of Sustainable Energy Development in Large Coal Power Bases 3 1.1Basic environment for energy development of large coal power bases in the eastern grassland area 3 1.1.1Natural environment background of eastern grassland region 3 1.1.2Regional resource and environmental conditions of large coal power base 6 1.1.3Current situation of regional resource development of large coal power bases 11 1.2Overview of regional ecological governance practice in large coal power bases 14 1.2.1Regional planning control 14 1.2.2Research on governance mode 20 1.2.3Practice of ecological restoration in mining area 27 1.3Challenges of ecological security guarantee for sustainable development of large coal power bases in the eastern grassland 32 1.3.1Development demand analysis of large coal power base 32 1.3.2Main problems faced by ecological security of large coal power bases 34 1.3.3Technical approaches for sustainable development and ecological security 36 Chapter 2Integrated Mode and Method of Key Technologies for Ecological Restoration of Large Coal Power Bases 38 2.1Integrated mode of key technologies for ecological restoration of large coal power bases 38 2.1.1Technical integration thought 39 2.1.2Principles and methods of technology integration 42 2.1.3Application solution 44 2.2Integrated method of key technologies for ecological restoration of large open-pit mining area 49 2.2.1Systems engineering 49 2.2.2Biomimetic engineering method 50 2.2.3Index evaluation method 54 2.3Effect evaluation of key technologies for ecological restoration in large open-pit mining area 57 2.3.1Establishment of ecological restoration effect evaluation index system 57 2.3.2Evaluation method of single technical effect 60 2.3.3Evaluation method of classification technology effect 61 2.3.4Comprehensive technical effect evaluation method 61 Chapter 3Implementation Mode and Method of Ecological Restoration Demonstration Project for Large Coal Power Base 66 3.1Implementation mode of ecological restoration demonstration project for large coal power base 66 3.2Demonstration project design for ecological restoration of damaged ecosystems 68 3.2.1Ecological restoration project design of opencast stop 69 3.2.2Integrated application engineering design of ecological restoration technology 70 3.3Management and control methods for implementation of ecological restoration project 75 3.3.1Contents of ecological restoration project management 75 3.3.2PDCA theory and application 77 3.3.3PDCA management paradigm for ecological restoration demonstration project Summary of This Part 81 Summary of This Part 86 Part ⅡDemonstration of Ecological Restoration and Groundwater Protection and Utilization Technology of Open-pit Coal Mines in Semi-Arid Grassland Area Chapter 4Background of Ecological Restoration Technology and Demonstration Project Design of Xilingol Large Coal Power Base 91 4.1Overview of Xilingol large coal power base ecological restoration demonstration area 91 4.1.1Overview of Xilingol region 91 4.1.2Overview of Shengli open-pit demonstration project area 93 4.2Practical difficulties in ecological restoration of open-pit mines in eastern semi-arid grassland area 99 4.3Demonstration project design of key technologies for ecological restoration 99 4.3.1Overall design and project layout of key technology demonstration 99 4.3.2Large open-pit mining drainage recovery integration 106 4.3.3New technology test project for surface ecological restoration in large open-pit mines 117 4.3.4Demonstration project of landscape ecological restoration technology in large open-pit mines 121 4.3.5Ecological restoration project of abandoned land in large open-pit mines 135 4.3.6Construction of groundwater observation network and data collection in large open-pit mines 138 Chapter 5Effect Evaluation of Key Technologies for Ecological Restoration of Xilingol Large Coal Power Base 141 5.1Large open-pit mining drainage recovery integration 141 5.1.1Integration of loss reducing mining, drainage and overlay 141 5.1.2Optimization and reconstruction of near surface structure 148 5.2New technology test project for surface ecological restoration of large open-pit mining area 158 5.2.1Key technologies for poor soil improvement and reconstruction 158 5.2.2Selection and optimal allocation of dominant plants 164 5.2.3Microbial based plant growth promotion and conservation technology 167 5.3Demonstration project of landscape ecological restoration technology in large open-pit mine 168 5.3.1Improvement technology for ecological stability of vegetation restoration slope based on hay 168 5.3.2Control of water and soil loss by imitating natural landform shaping (internal drainage) 172 5.3.3Ecological landscape corridor habitat restoration project in mining area 176 5.3.4Rehabilitation project of degraded habitat in mining area 179 5.4Ecological restoration project of abandoned land in large open-pit mining area 181 5.4.1Ecological restoration of mining wasteland 181 5.4.2Waste land utilization-pit water storage and ecological landscape utilization 184 5.5Construction of groundwater observation network and data collection in large open-pit mining area 186 5.5.1Technical application process 186 5.5.2Test effect analysis 188 Chapter 6Application Solution of Ecological Restoration Technology for Large Open-pit Mines in Semi-Arid Grassland Area of East Mongolia 193 6.1Problems and demands faced by ecological construction of large-scale opencast mines 193 6.1.1Problems faced by ecological construction of large-scale opencast mines 193 6.1.2Technical requirements for ecological construction of large open-pit mining area 195 6.2Application and promotion design of key technologies for ecological restoration in large open-pit mining area 197 6.2.1Internal drainage area: ecological damage reduction and restoration area 197 6.2.2External waste dump (along the wall): system restructuring area 199 6.2.3External waste dump (south waste dump): ecosystem health improvement area 200 6.2.4External waste dump (north waste dump): ecological stability recovery area 201 6.2.5Landscape optimization and function improvement of open-pit mining area 203 Summary of This Part Part ⅢDemonstration of Ecological Restoration and Groundwater Protection and Utilization Technology of Open-pit Coal Mines in the Extremely Cold Grassland Area Chapter 7Background of Ecological Restoration Technology and Demonstration Project Design of Hulun Buir Large Coal Power Base 211 7.1Overview of Hulun Buir large coal power base ecological restoration demonstration area 211 7.1.1Overview of Hulun Buir coal power base demonstration area 211 7.1.2Overview of Baomei open-pit demonstration project area 216 7.2Practical difficulties in ecological restoration of open-pit mines 218 7.3Design of key technology demonstration project for ecological restoration 220 7.3.1Overall design and project layout of key technology demonstration 220 7.3.2Mine loss reducing mining drainage recovery integration technology test project 223 7.3.3Demonstration project of groundwater flow field information collection 226 7.3.4Test project for construction technology of large open-pit underground reservoir 231 7.3.5New technology test project for surface ecological restoration of large open-pit mines 239 7.3.6Ecological restoration project of abandoned land in large open-pit mining area 250 7.3.7Demonstration project of key technologies for landscape function improvement 252 Chapter 8Effect Evaluation of Key Technologies for Ecological Restoration of Hulun Buir Large Coal Power Base 257 8.1Large open-pit mine loss reducing mining drainage recovery integration 257 8.1.1New technology test and effect analysis of land saving and loss reducing mining 257 8.1.2Test and effect analysis of new collaborative technology for stripping, mining, drainage and recovery of opencast mine 261 8.1.3Test and effect analysis of new technologies for surface soil layer and ecological restoration 270 8.2Technical test and effect of protection and utilization of groundwater resources 278 8.2.1Underground water observation network construction and effect analysis in mining area 278 8.2.2Underground reservoir construction and effect analysis of opencast mine 284 8.2.3Construction test and effect analysis of near surface ecological reservoir 298 8.3New technology test and effect analysis of surface ecological restoration 304 8.3.1Test and effect analysis of new technology for shaping the slope of waste dump simulating natural micro landform 305 8.3.2Technical test and effect analysis of improving quality and increasing capacity of barren soil 308 8.4Technology test and effect analysis of ecological restoration and landscape improvement of surface wasteland in large open-pit mining area 312 8.4.1Ecological restoration and effect analysis of waste wasteland 312 8.4.2Waste land utilization-pit water storage and ecological landscape utilization 322 8.4.3Technical test and effect analysis of slope water and soil loss control 323 8.4.4Technical test and effect analysis of landscape function improvement in waste dump platform 323 Chapter 9Application Solution of Ecological Restoration Technology for Large Open-pit Mines in the Cold Grassland Area of East Mongolia 326 9.1Problems and demands faced by ecological construction of large-scale opencast mines 326 9.1.1Technical requirements for surface ecological restoration in mining area 326 9.1.2Technical requirements for protection and utilization of groundwater resource 327 9.2Application and promotion design of key technologies for ecological restoration 328 9.2.1Application of integrated mining, drainage and overburden technology 328 9.2.2Reconstruction of waste dump and system elevation 335 9.2.3Improvement and lifting of landscape slope of internal waste dump 337 9.2.4Clean storage and ecological utilization of mine water Summary of This Part 339 Summary of This Part 345 Part ⅣDemonstration of Ecological Restoration and Groundwater Protection and Utilization Technology of Coal Mines in Cold Grassland Areas Chapter 10Background of Ecological Restoration Technology and Demonstration Project Design of Mindong No.1 Coal Mine 349 10.1Overview of Mindong No.1 coal mine demonstration 349 10.1.1Geographical location 349 10.1.2Landform 349 10.1.3Climate,soil and vegetation 350 10.1.4Hydrogeological overview 351 10.1.5Coal mining 353 10.2Overview of research on mine water protection and utilization in Mindong No.1 coal mine 354 10.3Practical difficulties in ecological restoration of mines in the eastern grassland extreme cold area 355 10.4Design of key technology demonstration project in ecological restoration demonstration area 355 10.4.1Overall design and project layout of key technology demonstration 355 10.4.2Demonstration project of ecological restoration of subsidence land 360 10.4.3Underground water storage and utilization demonstration project 363 10.4.4Feasibility study and test project of groundwater in-situ protection 372 10.4.5Grassland desertification control demonstration project 378 Chapter 11Effect Evaluation of Key Technologies for Ecological Restoration and Groundwater Protection of Mindong No.1 Coal Mine 384 11.1Overall completion of demonstration project 384 11.1.1Completion of ecological restoration engineering 384 11.1.2Completion of groundwater resources protection and utilization engineering 384 11.2Subitem effect of demonstration project 385 11.2.1Implementation and expected effect of ecological restoration demonstration project 385 11.2.2Feasibility verification effect of underground reservoir storage 391 11.2.3Feasibility test on transfer and storage of mine water 393 11.2.4Feasibility test on ecological restoration and utilization of mine water 400 11.2.5Research progress and expected effect of in-situ protection and utilization of groundwater 409 Chapter 12Application Solution of Ecological Restoration Technology for Underground Coal Mines in the Cold Grassland Area of East Mongolia 418 12.1Ecological construction planning of Mindong No.1 coal mine 418 12.1.1Ecological construction ideas in mining area 418 12.1.2Key areas for ecological governance in mining area 418 12.1.3Difficulties and demands in ecological construction of Mindong No.1 coal mine 419 12.2Application mode and key technology system of ecological restoration 422 12.2.1Application mode of ecological restoration technology in mine area 422 12.2.2Key technology system of ecological restoration in mine area 423 12.3Key ecological construction engineering 423 12.3.1Ecological restoration project in coal mining subsidence area 423 12.3.2Treatment of sandy land and potential sandy land around the mining area 427 12.3.3In-situ protection project of underground groundwater resource 429 Summary of This Part 433 Conclusion 435 References 437
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