Content Preface Summary for Policymakers 1 I.Observed and Future Trends in Climate Extremes and Disasters in China 5 II.Disaster Risk Management Measures in China 15 III.Strategic Options for Disaster Risk Management and Adaptation in China 21 Refined Edition 35 I. Climate Extremes and Disaster Risk Management: Background and Connotation 40 1.1 Theory, policy and practice 40 1.2 Climate change and climate extremes 47 1.3 Disaster risk management and sustainable development 50 II. Characteristics, Trends, and Causes of Climate Extremes 53 2.1 Characteristics of climate extremes in China 53 2.2 Changes in climate extremes since the mid-20th century 58 2.3 Causes of Changes in Climate Extremes 64 III.Impacts of Climate Extremes and Disasters, and Vulnerability 70 3.1 Impacts of climate extremes and disasters 70 3.2 Exposure and vulnerability of regions affected by hazards 76 3.3 Typical cases 88 IV.Selection of Weather and Climate Disaster Risk Management Practices and Strategies 91 4.1 National, regional and local climate risk management practices 91 4.2 Integrated risk management practices in important economic and social fields 100 4.3 The achievements and challenges related to weather and climate DRM 104 4.4 Future trends of climate extremes and related disaster risks 105 4.5 Strategic design and options 108