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中国远古人类

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本书全面系统地论述了我国发现的古猿类、古人类和旧石器文化以及第四纪哺乳动物等方面的实际材料和有关的理论问题。全书共分十四章，主要由三部分组成：第一部分为人类化石；第二部分为旧石器文化；第三部分为第四纪哺乳动物，对古人类学研究史及年代学新进展亦作了扼要的论述．文后附有中国古人类及旧石器文化重要遗址和中国大型古猿化石地点一览表，以及较详细的参考文献和索引．文中附插图99幅及图版8幅．本书论证了我国古人类的进化以区域连续进化为主，与其他地区进行基因交流为辅的观点：不同时代的旧石器文化虽局部存在多种文化类型，但以小石器为主体的组群贯穿始终，成为文化发展的主流，同时以区域发展为主，也存在文化的交流；从第四纪哺乳动物的研究，论证了古人类生活的环境及气候的变化．
本书内容丰富，材料集中，反映我国古人类学者的最新观点以及在理论方面的新探索，是研究古人类学、旧石器考古学、第四纪哺乳动物、第四纪生物地层学的重要读物，对史学、民族学、第四纪地质学者们也有参考价值．
Brief Introduction
China has been renowned for its prehistoric findings in the world.This book systematically summarized the research results of China in the field of palaeoanthropology and palaeolithic archaeology.It consists of 14 chapters written by 19 authors of whom all are researchers of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and principally involved in the special branches of this field.
The first chapter presents a brief history of the work of this field in China.Chapters 2—4 treat with human fossils from Homo erectus to modern Homo sapiens and the neclithic human skeletons,demonstrating the regional continuitv of human evolution in China with certain extent of gene exchange with other regions.Chapters 6—10 deal with palaeolithic artifacts.There shows a main tendency of palaeolithic cultural development characterized by small stone implements trimmed on dorsal surface combined with the deve lopment of various local cultures absorbing some features from neighbouring regions.Two chapters are devoted to the research of Quaternary mammals reflecting the palaeoenvironments of the related early humans.Important materials of fossil apes such as Lufengpithecus Gigantopithecus,found in China are also included in this book as they are significant for studying the origin and evolution of human and higher primates.The last chapter is ageneral review of the data of absolute dating of various sites in China.
An appendix of tables listing all the important palaeoanthropological and palaeolithic sites found in China will be helpful to the readers.

内容简介
本书全面系统地论述了我国发现的古猿类、古人类和旧石器文化以及第四纪哺乳动物等方面的实际材料和有关的理论问题。全书共分十四章，主要由三部分组成：第一部分为人类化石；第二部分为旧石器文化；第三部分为第四纪哺乳动物，对古人类学研究史及年代学新进展亦作了扼要的论述．文后附有中国古人类及旧石器文化重要遗址和中国大型古猿化石地点一览表，以及较详细的参考文献和索引．文中附插图99幅及图版8幅．本书论证了我国古人类的进化以区域连续进化为主，与其他地区进行基因交流为辅的观点：不同时代的旧石器文化虽局部存在多种文化类型，但以小石器为主体的组群贯穿始终，成为文化发展的主流，同时以区域发展为主，也存在文化的交流；从第四纪哺乳动物的研究，论证了古人类生活的环境及气候的变化．
本书内容丰富，材料集中，反映我国古人类学者的最新观点以及在理论方面的新探索，是研究古人类学、旧石器考古学、第四纪哺乳动物、第四纪生物地层学的重要读物，对史学、民族学、第四纪地质学者们也有参考价值．
Brief Introduction
China has been renowned for its prehistoric findings in the world.This book systematically summarized the research results of China in the field of palaeoanthropology and palaeolithic archaeology.It consists of 14 chapters written by 19 authors of whom all are researchers of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and principally involved in the special branches of this field.
The first chapter presents a brief history of the work of this field in China.Chapters 2—4 treat with human fossils from Homo erectus to modern Homo sapiens and the neclithic human skeletons,demonstrating the regional continuitv of human evolution in China with certain extent of gene exchange with other regions.Chapters 6—10 deal with palaeolithic artifacts.There shows a main tendency of palaeolithic cultural development characterized by small stone implements trimmed on dorsal surface combined with the deve lopment of various local cultures absorbing some features from neighbouring regions.Two chapters are devoted to the research of Quaternary mammals reflecting the palaeoenvironments of the related early humans.Important materials of fossil apes such as Lufengpithecus Gigantopithecus,found in China are also included in this book as they are significant for studying the origin and evolution of human and higher primates.The last chapter is ageneral review of the data of absolute dating of various sites in China.
An appendix of tables listing all the important palaeoanthropological and palaeolithic sites found in China will be helpful to the readers.

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Preface
Chapter 1 Brief History of Palaeoanthropological Study in China(Lin Shenlong)
1.1．Principal Research Results before 1949
1.2．Important Research Results of Human and Ape Fossils after 1949
1.3．Important Research Results of Palaeolithic Cultures after 1949
Chapter 2 Homo erectus in China(Dong Xingren)
2.1．Introduction
2.2．Principal Material and Research Results
2.2.1．Zhoukoudian,Beijing
2.2.2．Lantian,Shaanxi
2.2.3．Hexian,Anhui
2.2.4．Other Localities
2.3．Discussion
2.3.1．Comparison with Homo erectus of Java
2.3.2．Comparison with Homo erectus of Africa
2.3.3．On the Problem of Homo erectus in Europe
2.3.4．Evolution of Homo erectus in China
Chapter 3 Early Homo sapiens in China(Wu Xinzhi)
3.1．Introduction
3.2．Principal Material and Research Results
Ⅰ Northern China
3.2.Ⅰ.1．Dali,Shaanxi
3.2.Ⅰ.2．Jinniushan,Liaoning
3.2.Ⅰ.3．Xujiayao,Shanxi
3.2.Ⅰ.4．Dingcun,Shanxi
Ⅱ Southern China
3.2.Ⅱ.1．Maba,Guangdong
3.2.Ⅱ.2．Yinshan,Anhui
3.2.Ⅱ.3．Changyang,Hubei
3.2.Ⅱ.4．Tongzi,Guizhou
3.3．Discussion
Chapter 4 Late Homo sapiens in China(Wu Maolin)
4.1．Introduction
4.2．Principal Material and Research Results
4.2.1．Upper Cave,Beijing
4.2.2．Liujiang,Guangxi
4.2.3．Ziyang,Sichuan
4.2.4．Chuandong,Guizhou
4.2.5．Other Localities
4.3．Discussion
4.3.1．Primitive Features Shown in These Specimens
4.3.2．Mongoloid Charateristics Shown in These Specimens
4.3.3．Relation with Contemporaries of Other Regions
Chapter 5 Neolithic Human Skeleton in China(Zhang Zhenbiao)
5.1．Introduction
5.2．Principal Research Results
5.2.1．Population Construction
5.2.2．Ethnic Features of Skull
5.2.3．Primitive Features of Skull
5.2.4．Stature
5.2.5．Customs as Infered from Human Skeletons
5.2.6．Diseases shown by Human Skeletons
5.3．Discussion
Chapter 6 Earliest Palaeolithic Assemblages of China(Jia Lanpo)
6.1．Introduction
6.2．Principal Material and Research Results
6.2.1．Xihoudu,Shanxi
6.2.2．Yuanmou,Yunnan
6.2.3．Kehe,Shanxi
6.2.4．Lantian,Shaanxi
6.2.5．Donggutuo,Hebei
6.3．Discussion——Search Earliest Human Remains in Pliocene(4 Million years ago)Strata
Chapter 7 The Early Palaeolithic of North China(Zhang Senshui)
7.1．Introduction
7.2．Principal Material and Research Results
7.2.1．Zhoukoudian,Beijing
7.2.2．Gongwangling,Shaanxi
7.2.3．Chenjiawo,Shaanxi
7.2.4．Dalingshang,Gansu
7.2.5．Jinniushan,Liaoning
7.2.6．Miaohoushan,Liaoning
7.2.7．Nanhaiyu,Shanxi
7.2.8．Siduogou,Nei Menggol
7.2.9．Other Localities
7.3．Discussion
7.3.1．Culture Sequence and Developmental Trend
7.3.2．Culture Relation and Type
7.3.3．Culture and Environment
Chapter 8 The Early Palaeolithic of South China(Li Yanxian)
8.1．Introduction
8.2．Principal Material and Research Results
8.2.1．Guanyingdong,Guizhou
8.2.2．Daye,Hubei
8.2.3．Tongzi,Guizhou
8.2.4．Shangnabang,Yunnan
8.2.5．Liangshan and Other Localities in Hanzhong Basin,Shaanxi
8.2.6．Localities in Yunyang Prefecture,Hubei
8.2.7．Maba,Guangdong
8.2.8．Other Localities
8.3．Problems and Discussion
Chapter 9 The Middle Palaeolithic of China(Qiu Zhonglang)
9.1．Introduction
9.2．Principal Material and Research Results
9.2.1．Locality 15,Zhoukoudian,Beijing
9.2.2．Xujiayao,Shanxi
9.2.3．Dingcun,Shanxi
9.2.4．Dali,Shaanxi
9.2.5．Changwu,Shaanxi
9.2.6．Kazuo,Liaoning
9.2.7．Shuicheng,Guizhou
9.3．Conclusion
Chapter 10 The Late Palaeolithic of China(Huang Weiwen)
10.1．Introduction
10.1.1．Brief History of Research
10.1.2．Stratum,Dating and Environment
10.2．Principal Material and Research Results
Ⅰ．North Region
(Ⅰ)Small Stone Tool Tradition
10.2.Ⅰ.(Ⅰ).1．Salawusu,Nei Menggol
10.2.Ⅰ.(Ⅰ).2．Shiyu,Shanxi
10.2.Ⅰ.(Ⅰ).3．Huanxian,Gansu
10.2.Ⅰ.(Ⅰ).4．Yumenkou,Shaanxi
10.2.Ⅰ.(Ⅰ).5．Xiaonanhai Henan
(Ⅱ)Blade Industry
10.2.Ⅰ.(Ⅱ)1 Shuidongguo,Ningxia
10.2.Ⅰ.(Ⅱ)2 Localities of Qiantao Plain
(Ⅲ)Microlithic Industry
10.2.Ⅰ.(Ⅲ)1．Xiachuan and Xueguan of Shanxi
10.2.Ⅰ.(Ⅲ)2．Hutuoliang,Hebei
Ⅱ．Northeast Region
10.2.Ⅱ.1．Xiaogushan,Liaoning
10.2.Ⅱ.2．Yanjiagang,Heilongjiang
10.2.Ⅱ.3．Angangxi,Heilongjiang
10.2.Ⅱ.4．Xibajianfang,Liaoning
Ⅲ．Localities of Xizang Xinjiang and Qinghai
10.2.Ⅲ.1．Localities of Xizang(Tibet)
10.2.Ⅲ.2．Localities of Xinjiang
10.2.Ⅲ.3．Localities of Qinghai
Ⅳ．South Region
(Ⅰ)Fulin Culture Type
10.2.Ⅳ.(Ⅰ)1 Fulin,Sichuan
10.2.Ⅳ.(Ⅰ)2 Beiyanjiaodong,Guizhou
10.2.Ⅳ.(Ⅰ)3 “Lower Culture Zone”of Chuandong,Guizhou
10.2.Ⅳ.(Ⅰ)4 Beiliandong and Dalongtan,Guangxi
(Ⅱ)Tongliang Culture Type
10.2.Ⅳ.(Ⅱ)1 Tongliang,Sichuan
10.2.Ⅳ.(Ⅱ)2 Ziyang Man B Locality,Sichuan
10.2.Ⅳ.(Ⅱ)3 Caohai,Guizhou
(Ⅲ)Maomaodong Culture Type
10.2.Ⅳ.(Ⅲ)1 Maomaodong,Guizhou
10.2.Ⅳ.(Ⅲ)2 “Upper Culture Zone”of Chuandong,Guizhou
(Ⅳ)Other Culture Type
10.3．Living Scene
Chapter 11 Fossil Apes
11.1．Lufengpithecus lufengensis(Wu Rukang,Xu Qinghua and Lu Qingwu)
11.1.1．Location and Stratigraphy
11.1.2．Description and Comparison with Other Fossil Apes
11.1.3．Discussion
11.2．Ape fossils recently found from Yuanmou(Wu Xinzhi)
11.3．Platodontopithecus jianghuaiensis(Gu Yumin)
11.4．Gigantopithecus blacki(Zhang Yinyun)
11.4.1．Introduction
11.4.2．Localities
11.4.3．Morphology
11.4.4．Discussion
Chapter 12 Quaternary Mammalian Faunas and Environment of Fossil Humans in North China(Qi Guoqing)
12.1．Introduction
12.2．Geological Background of the Existence of Fossil Humans in China
12.3．Quaternary Mammalian Faunas of North China
Ⅰ．General Characteristics of Their Evolution
12.3.Ⅰ.1．Stratigraphic Boundary
12.3.Ⅰ.2．Distribution and Evolutionary Features
12.3.Ⅰ.3．New Progress of the Research
Ⅱ．Quaternary Mammalian Faunas Containing Human fossils
12.3.Ⅱ.1．Gongwangling
12.3.Ⅱ.2．Chenjiawo
12.3.Ⅱ.3．Locality 1 of Zhoukoudian
12.3.Ⅱ.4．Yunyang
12.3.Ⅱ.5．Miaohoushan
12.3.Ⅱ.6．Qizianshan
12.3.Ⅱ.7．Jinniushan
12.3.Ⅱ.8．Dali
12.3.Ⅱ.9．Dingcun
12.3.Ⅱ.10．Xindong
12.3.Ⅱ.11．Gezidong
12.3.Ⅱ.12．Xujiayao
12.3.Ⅱ.13．Salawusu
12.3.Ⅱ.14．Changwu
12.3.Ⅱ.15．Jinchuan
12.3.Ⅱ.16．Wuzhutai
12.3.Ⅱ.17．Xiaogushan
12.3.Ⅱ.18．Antu
12.3.Ⅱ.19．Shiyu
12.3.Ⅱ.20．Dongdong
12.3.Ⅱ.21．Yanjiagang
12.3.Ⅱ.22．Qingshantuo
12.3.Ⅱ.23．Upper Cave
12.3.Ⅱ.24．Zhalainuoer
12.4．Outline of the Environment of Fossil Humans in North China
12.4.1．Early Pleistocene
12.4.2．Middle Pleistocene
12.4.3．Late Pleistocene
12.5．List of Important Quaternary Mammalian Faunas of North China
Chapter 13 Quaternary Mammalian Faunas and Environment of Fossil Humans in South China(Han Defen and Xu Chuanhua)
13.1．Introduction
13.2．Principal Pleistocene Mammalian Faunas of South China
13.2.1．Liucheng Gigantopithecus Cave
13.2.2．Jianshi Gigantopithecus Cave
13.2.3．Shangnabang,Yuanmou
13.2.4．Yunxian
13.2.5．Daxin
13.2.6．Wuming
13.2.7．Bama
13.2.8．Yunxi
13.2.9．Hexian
13.2.10．Chaoxian
13.2.11．Daye
13.2.12．Guanyingdong
13.2.13．Changyang
13.2.14．Maba
13.2.15．Tongzi
13.2.16．Jiande
13.2.17．Liujiang
13.2.18．Shuicheng
13.2.19．Chenggong
13.2.20．Dantu
13.2.21．Xichou
13.2.22．Tonglian
13.2.23．Lishui
13.2.24．Ziyang
13.3．Discussion
13.3.1．Dating of the Faunas
13.3.2．Characteristics of the Faunas
13.3.3．Zoogeography of Ailuropoda-Stegodon Fauna
13.3.4．Environment of Fossil Humans in South China
13.3.5．Description of Pleistocene Mammalian Species
Chapter 14 Chronology in Chinese Palaeoanthropology(Wang Linghong)
14.1．Development of Dating Method
14.2．Consideration of Presupposition of Dating
14.3．Statistical Errors
14.4．Conversion and Adjustment of the Data
Appendices
1．List of Important Localities with Human Fossil and Palaeolithic Artifact
2．List of Large Fossil Ape Localities
References
Index
Plates and explantions

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