Contents Preface —Agrroeology: A Discipline for our TIme 前言:时代需要农业生态学 Part 1 Theoretical Framework Unit 1 Context of Agroecology Chapter 1 Agricullure and its anthropce:entric science 3 1.1 What are agriculture, ecology and agroecology? 3 1.2 Natural ecosysteversple-esntric esosystems and agroeams 11 1.3 Making money and respecting the environment 12 1.4 What we produce is determined by what we ansume: Rethinking the role of the modern supermarket 13 Literatures cited in this chapter 14 Chapter 2 Agroecology: Science of synthesis of :ology and agricultore 16 2.1 Agroecology: Bridging ecology and agronomy 16 2.2 Agroecology: The ecology of food systems 22 2.3 Global food system: Two case analyses of basic agro:ology 26 Literatures cited in this chapter 31 Unit 2 Basic Analysis of Agroecosystems Chapter 3 Agroston and its analysis 33 3.1 What is an agroecosystem? 33 3.2τbe hierarchies of agroeasystems 35 3.3τbe properties of agr。ecosystems 36 3.4 Agroesosystem analysis 39 Literatures cited in this chapter 42 Chapter 4 Energy flow and matter cycle in agro:ystems 43 4.1 Energy flow and matter cycle in a natural easystem 43 4.2 Energy flow in agroeystems 46 4.3 Matter cycle in agroesystems 47 Literatures cited in this chapter 48 Chapter 5 Agroclimate d agricultore's rolesin chimate chauge 49 5.1 Climate change , global warming and its trends 49 5.2 Agroclimate and climate change related to agriculture 53 5.3 Adaptation and mitigation to the climate change in agriculture 57 Literatures cited in the chapter 58 Chapter 6 Water in agroes;ystems 59 6.1 Water resoces in the global ystem 59 6.2 Water in agroecosystems 61 6.3 Aspects of water management in agroecosystems 64 Literatures cited in this chapter 65 Chapter 7 CoItivated soils and ilonisms 66 7.1 Formation, claBification and functions of soils 66 7.2 Soil nutrient cycling 73 7.3 Soil management in agriculture 78 Literatures cited in this chapter 82 Chapter 8 Agrobiiversity and agressystem stability 83 8.1 Biodiversity 83 8.2 Biodiversity in agroecosystems 87 8.3 Regenerating biodiversity in agroecosystems 90 Literatures cited in this chapter 95 Unit 3 Agroecosystematic ProceBes and Their Anthropocentric Problems Chapter 9 Land preparation 97 9.1 The functions of land preparation 97 9.2 The procedures of land preparation 97 9.3 Tillage system 98 Literatures cited in this chapter 105 alapter 10 Erosion esd soil d:radation:p your soil covered" 106 10.1 Soil erosion 106 10.2 Land dgradation 114 10.3 Keep your soil covered 117 Literatures cited in this chapter 120 11.1 What 盯e resources and wastes in agroecosystems? 121 11.2 Animal and plant rnanures 123 11.3 Compost: Making and using it 126 Literatures cited in this chapter 131 a,pter 12 Natural pital Ecological fooprint esd gy esa1ysis 132 12.1 Ecological footprint (EF): concept and calculation 132 12.2 Emergy analysis 133 12.3 Modified method of natural capital accounting 134 Literatures cited in this chapter 134 Unit 4 Sustainable Production Systems Chapter 13 Dom,tic livte.tems 136 13.1 Domestication and evolution of agriculture 136 13.2 Animal production and products 140 13.3 Efficiency in anirnal production 143 Literatures cited in this chapter 145 Chapter 14 Aquaclllture systems 146 14.1 Is aquaculture important to world food product 146 14.2 The role of aquaculture in human nutrition 147 14.3 The fish species from east to west 148 14.4 Methods and energy efficiency of aquaculture 149 14.5 Sustainable aquaculture systems 150 Literatures cited in this chapter 153 Chapter 15 Cereal-hased cropping sterns 154 15.1 Why are seeds of cereal so great? 154 15.2 Cereals for food and feed 156 15.3 Cereal-based cropping systems 158 Literatures cited in this chapter 159 Chapter 16 Vegetable-hased production sysms 160 16.1 The roles of vegetable in hurnan development 160 16.2 Vegetable production: Global and regional 162 16.3 Scientific aspects of vegetable 162 Literatures cited in this chapter 166 17.1 Sheltered plant production: principle and services 167 17.2 Sheltered plant production in Canada 168 Cbapter 18 Emironrnfn in indus 172 18.1 The concept of environmental horticulture 172 18.2 The environment benefits of plants 173 18.3 Designing environmental horticulture 174 18.4 Green industry 176 Literatures cited in this chapter 177 Unit 5 Agroecosystem Management: IBues ,Problems and Solutions Chapter 19 Agnysn healtb and servieB:Iogy and onomies 178 19.1 Ecosystem seices , health and management 178 19.2 Agroeasystem services , health and management 187 Literatures cited in this chapter 190 Chapter 20 A framework for enquiry inagriystem nnagement 191 20.1 Farm management systems: Goals and units 191 20.2 Farm systems analysis: Economic and political perspectives 193 2 3 An agro-eoologies1 framework for Ingra FManant ID 196 Literatures cited in this chapter 199 Chapter 21 AnimaI weIfare: A good Iife for animals 200 21.1 Animal welfare: Concept and principles 200 21.2 Anial welfare: Observations and research 202 Literatures cited in this chapter 206 Chapter 22 IntegredP,estMagcent (IPM):the studies 207 22.1 Understanding pests and pest control 207 22.2 Integrated pest management: a strategy of altematives 210 22.3 Integrated pest management proadures 212 22.4 Case studies in IPM 214 Literatures cited in this chapter 218 Chapter 23 Trends in organic production 219 23.1 Definition , origins and demands of organic agriculture 219 23.2 Approaches to organic agriculture 222 23.3 Organic food regulations 223 Literatures cited in this chapter 225 Cbapler 24 Genetialy modified teeir impliay 227 24.1 What is a genetically modified crop? 227 24.2 GMO chnology 228 24.3 Advantages of GM crops 230 24.4 Risks aesiadwi GM crops 231 24.5 GMOd:hat 233 Literaturcited in this chapter 234 Part in Practical 1eaching practicel suney 237 Practice 2 Ecooooc plant E esPn 240 Lab 1 VegeI:aaficatilBl and tomy 249 Lab 2 Soil profde tore 255 Lab 3 tou esd lirrnorphology 258 Course trainting on agroecology learning style 260 Epilogue Agroecology:The science of food in the 21st century