Preface Ⅰ Preface Ⅱ Preface Ⅲ Foreword Bioenergy Review Chapter Ⅰ Gaseous Biofuel 1 Research on Internal Circulation Anaerobic Reactor Introduction 1.1 Research on Hydraulic Characteristics in IC Reactor 1.1.1 Experimental Equipment and Experimental System Process 1.1.2 Hydraulic Characteristics Experiments of IC Reactor 1.2 Experimental Research on Technical Performances of IC Reactor 1.2.1 Materials and Methods 1.2.2 Results and Analysis 1.3 Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Substrate Degradation in IC Reactor 1.3.1 Establishment of Substrate Degradation Dynamics Model in IC Reactor 1.3.2 Dynamic Analysis on Substrate Degradation in IC Reactor 1.4 Research on Characteristics of Granular Sludge in IC Reactor 1.4.1 Materials and Methods 1.4.2 Results and Analysis 1.5 Promotion Effect of Earthworm Casts on Anaerobic Digestion and Influence on the Sludge Granulation in IC Reactor 1.5.1 Influence of Wormcast on Anaerobic Digestion Effect 1.5.2 Influence of Earthworm Casts on Granulation of Sludge in IC Reactor 1.6 Conclusions 2 Research on Anaerobic Sludge Granulation under the Condition of Treating Piggery Sewage by IC Reactor Introduction 2.1 Processing Condition Research in Initial Stage for Swine Manures Sewage Treatment by IC Reactor 2.1.1 Experimental Materials and Methods 2.1.2 Experimental Methods 2.1.3 Results and Analysis 2.2 Cultivation of Granular Sludge during the IC Reactor Started Process 2.2.1 Materials and Methods 2.2.2 Experimental Methods 2.2.3 Results and Analysis 2.3 Granular Sludge Characteristics Changes of Treating Swine Manures Sewage under Running Condition in IC Reactor 2.3.1 Experimental Method 2.3.2 Results and Analysis 2.4 Conclusions 3 Research on Straws Pretreatment and Biogas Produced by Anaerobic Fermentation Introduction 3.1 Steam Explosion Devices and Working Principle 3.1.1 Traditional Steam Explosion Technology 3.1.2 Structure and Parameters of Steam Explosion Equipment 3.2 Influencing Factors of Steam Explosion Pretreatment and Structural Characteristics of Steam Explosion Materials 3.2.1 Materials and Method 3.2.2 Results and Analysis 3.3 Research Test on Steam Explosion Pretreatment for Biogas Production by Fermentation of Straw 3.3.1 Material and Method 3.3.2 Results and Analysis 3.4 Influence of Particle Size Crushed on the Anaerobic Fermentation of Corn Stover 3.4.1 Materials and Methods 3.4.2 Results and Analysis 3.5 Influence of NaOH on Anaerobic Fermentation of Corn Stover 3.5.1 Materials and Methods 3.5.2 Results and Analysis 3.6 Conclusions 4 Research on Tobacco Curing System Fueled by Biomass Pyrolysis Gas Introduction 4.1 The First Generation Tobacco Curing System Fueled by Biomass Pyrolysis Gas 4.1.1 Tobacco Curing System Design 4.1.2 Research on Key Technology 4.1.3 Operation Experiment of System 4.2 The Second-generation Tobacco Curing System Fueled by Biomass Pyrolysis Gas 4.2.1 System Structure 4.2.2 Experiment of System Operation 4.3 Conclusions Chapter Ⅱ Liquid Biofuel 5 Researches on Methanol by Synthesis Biogas Introduction 5.1 Experimental Research on Methanol Synthesis Gas from Straws in Thermochemical Method 5.1.1 Biogas Made of Straws in Thermo-chemical Methods 5.1.2 Experiment of Synthetic Gas Prepared by Straws 5.2 Experimental Research on Catalytic Synthesis of Methanol from Straw Biomass Coal Gas 5.2.1 Method and Process Flow of Methanol Synthesis 5.2.2 Synthetic Experiment 5.2.3 Experimental Results and Analysis 5.3 Experimental Research on Technical Conditions of Preparing Methanol by Straw Gasified Synthesis Gas 5.3.1 Experimental Design 5.3.2 Experimental Part 5.4 Dynamics Experimental Research for Methanol Synthesized by Straw Gasified Synthesis Gas 5.4.1 Experimental Design 5.4.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 5.5 Research on Thermodynamics Nature of Methanol Synthesized by Straws 5.5.1 Experiment Portion 5.5.2 Reaction Heat from Synthetic Methanol by Straw Synthesis Gas 5.5.3 Equilibrium Constant and Components of Methanol Synthetic Reaction 5.6 Conclusions 6 Experiment and Research on Production Technology of Cellulosic Ethanol Introduction 6.1 Experimental Research on Solid Cultivation for Lignin Degradation from Straw 6.1.1 Materials and Methods 6.1.2 Results and Analysis 6.2 Experimental Research of Degradable Stover Lignin by Lignin Degradation Enzyme 6.2.1 Materials and Methods 6.2.2 Results and Analysis 6.3 Experiment on Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Corn Stover 6.3.1 Materials and Methods 6.3.2 Results and Analysis 6.4 Experiment of Double-enzyme Saccharification and Influence of Lignin Degradation on Saccharification Effect of Straw 6.4.1 Materials and Methods 6.4.2 Results and Analysis 6.5 Comparative Research on Pentose Fermentation Strains 6.5.1 Materials and Methods 6.5.2 Results and Analysis 6.6 Experimental Research on Condition of Fuel Ethanol Produced by Pentaose and Hexose Simultaneous Fermentation 6.6.1 Materials and Methods 6.6.2 Results and Analysis 6.7 Experimental Research Based on Detoxification Pretreatment in Saccharification Liquor of Straw 6.7.1 Analysis on Functional Mechanism of Inhibitor 6.7.2 Research on Production Fuel Ethanol from Fermentation of Straw Saccharification Liquor Treated by Different Detoxification Methods 6.8 Production Ethanol Experiment and Research of Fermentation in Saccharification Liquor of Corn Stover 6.8.1 Materials and Methods 6.8.2 Experimental Research on Key Technical Conditions for Fermentation Ethanol in Saccharification Liquor of Corn Stover 6.8.3 Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Saccharification Liquor of Corn Stover 6.8.4 Conversion Rate from Sugar to Ethanol of Steam-exploded Corn Stover 6.9 Experiment and Research on Production Process of Cellulosic Ethanol from BPSS&CF Straw 6.9.1 Overall Design of Technological Process 6.9.2 Technological Process 6.9.3 Main Operational Essentials and Technical Indexes 6.9.4 Technical Analysis 6.10 Conclusions 7 Researches on Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil Catalyzed by Lipase Introduction 7.1 Analysis and Experimental Methods 7.1.1 Materials and Methods 7.1.2 Analysis Methods and Results of Components of Raw Material Oil 7.1.3 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Calculation of Transesterification Rate in Biodiesel 7.2 Research on Biodiesel Production by Colza Oil of Lipase Interim Catalysis 7.2.1 Interim Reaction Experiment of Colza Oil Catalyzed by Lipase 7.2.2 Response Surface Optimization Experiment 7.2.3 Lipase Reuse and Amplification Experiment of Colza Oil in Interim Catalysis 7.2.4 Colza Oil Transesterification Mechanism and Kinetics Research of Lipase Interim Catalysis 7.3 Biodiesel Production from Tung Oil of Lipase Interim Catalysis 7.3.1 Tung Oil Reaction Experiment of Lipase Interim Catalysis for Biodiesel Production 7.3.2 Optimization Experiment of Response Surface Method 7.3.3 Laboratory Amplifying Experiment for Tung Oil of Interim Lipase Catalysis 7.3.4 Transesterification Mechanism and Kinetics Research of Tung Oil of Lipase Interim Catalysis 7.4 Continuous Biodiesel Production Research of Colza Oil 7.4.1 Materials and Methods 7.4.2 Discussion 7.4.3 Continuous Biodiesel Production Technology in Expanded-bed Reactor 7.5 Biodiesel Continuous Production from Tung Oil 7.5.1 Materials and Methods 7.5.2 Results and Discussion 7.6 Extraction and Performance Test of Biodiesel 7.6.1 Distillation and Extraction of Biodiesel 7.6.2 Results of the Biodiesel Product Performance Test 7.7 Conclusions 8 Experiments on Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by Solid Catalysts Introduction 8.1 Experimental Research on Solid Alkali Catalyst Preparation 8.1.1 Experimental Processes and Materials, Instruments 8.1.2 Choice of Catalyst Materials and Preparation Methods 8.1.3 Preparation Experiment of Solid Catalyst 8.2 Catalyst Characterization 8.2.1 Experimental Instruments and Methods 8.2.2 Results and Analysis 8.3 Experimental Studies on Biodiesel Preparation 8.3.1 Experimental Method 8.3.2 Result Analysis 8.4 Experiment of Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration 8.4.1 Experimental Method 8.4.2 Results and Analysis 8.4.3 Optimization Experiment of Catalyst 8.5 Conclusions Chapter Ⅲ Densified Biomass Fuel 9 Optimized Design and Engineering Experiment of Biomass Hydraulic Briquetting Presses Introduction 9.1 Major Design Parameters of Hydraulic Briquetting Machine 9.1.1 Orthogonal Experiment of Straw Briquetted 9.1.2 Relationship among Productivity,Punch Diameter and Specific Energy Consumption 9.1.3 Relationship Experiment of Conicity,Cone Length,Pressure and Density 9.2 Briquetting Parameter Simulation 9.2.1 Relationship between Densification Pressure and Briquettes Density 9.2.2 Briquetting Parameters under the Different Moisture Content and Same Temperature 9.2.3 Briquetting Parameters in Different Temperatures and Same Moisture Content 9.3 Improvement Design and Engineering Experiment for HPB-Ⅳ Press 9.3.1 Design of Hydraulic System 9.3.2 Structural Design of HPB Densification Machine 9.3.3 Design Indexes and Parameters Improved for HPB-Ⅳ System 9.3.4 Workflow of HPB-Ⅳ Densification Machine Improved 9.3.5 HPB Press Improved Experiment and Results Analysis 9.4 Energy Consumption Test and Analysis for Hydraulic Piston Briquetting Press 9.4.1 Energy Consumption Test and Analysis of Heating System 9.4.2 Energy Consumption Experiment and Analysis for the Feeding System 9.4.3 Energy Consumption Test and Analysis of Hydraulic System 9.5 Measures of Saving Energy and Reducing Energy Consumption 9.5.1 Energy-Saving Measures for Heating System 9.5.2 Energy-Saving Measures for Feeding System 9.5.3 Energy-Saving Measures for Hydraulic System 9.6 Conclusions 10 Combustion Equipment Design Basis of Straw Briquettes Introduction 10.1 Combustion Kinetics Characteristic Experiment of Straw Briquettes 10.1.1 Experiment of Straw Combustion Kinetics Characteristics 10.1.2 Combustion Kinetics Characteristics of DBF 10.1.3 Actual Boiler Combustion Condition of Straw Briquettes 10.2 Design Calculation of Combustion Equipment for DBF 10.2.1 Combustion Characteristics of DBF 10.2.2 Design Parameters of DBF Combustion Equipment 10.2.3 Combustion Equipment Design of DBF 10.3 Thermal Performance of DBF Combustion Equipment 10.3.1 Testing Experiment 10.3.2 Results and Analysis 10.4 Air Flow Field Experiment and Analysis of the DBF Combustion Equipment 10.4.1 Experiment 10.4.2 Results and Analysis 10.5 Experiment and Analysis of Temperature Field in Combustion Chamber 10.5.1 Experiment 10.5.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 10.6 Experiment and Analysis of Gas Concentration Field in the Combustion Chamber 10.6.1 Experiment 10.6.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 10.7 Slagging Characters of DBF in the Special Combustion Equipment 10.7.1 Experiment 10.7.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 10.8 Confirmation of Main Design Parameters for Combustion Equipment 10.8.1 Main Design Parameters 10.8.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 10.9 Conclusions 11 Research of Large-scale Biomass Densification Technology in China Introduction 11.1 Comprehensive Evaluation of DBF Equipment 11.1.1 Selection of DBF Equipment 11.1.2 Energy Flow Analysis of DBF Used 11.2 Collection and Pretreatment of Straw Resources 11.2.1 Straws Collection 11.2.2 Materials Supply of Producing DBF 11.3 Influence of Relax Density on Scale Producing DBF 11.3.1 Relax Density of DBF 11.3.2 Influence of Moisture Content and Ground Size of Material on Relax Density 11.3.3 Discussion 11.4 Influence of Storage and Transportation Performance of DBF on Large-scale Technology 11.4.1 Durability of DBF 11.4.2 Experiment 11.4.3 Experimental Results and Analysis 11.5 Influence of Combustibility of DBF on Large-scale Application 11.5.1 Experiment 11.5.2 Results and Analysis of Experiment 11.6 Large-scale Operation Measures of DBF 11.6.1 Market Demand of DBF in China’s Rural Areas 11.6.2 Obstacles of Large-scale Operation of DBF 11.6.3 Advice on the Large-scale Development of DBF 11.7 Price Plan of DBF 11.7.1 Influence Factors of DBF Prices 11.7.2 Price Subsidies of DBF 11.8 Demonstration Case of Large-scale Production and Development of DBF 11.8.1 Cases 11.8.2 Basic Information of Case 11.8.3 Production and Utilization of DBF 11.8.4 Influence of DBF on the Energy Structure and Ecological Environment in Jiuzhuang Village 11.9 Mechanism Design of Large-scale Developing DBF 11.9.1 Research Route 11.9.2 Analysis Model 11.9.3 Theoretical Basis 11.9.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Popularizing DBF 11.9.5 DBF Promotion Mechanism Design and Suggestions on Policy 11.10 Conclusions 12 Research on the Deposition Formed and Erosion on DBF Combustion Equipment Introduction 12.1 Influence Factors of Deposition Formed in the Process of DBF Combustion 12.1.1 Experimental Materials and Equipment 12.1.2 Experiment and Analysis for Influence Factors of Forming Deposition 12.2 Forming Process and Mechanism of Deposition Erosion in the Burning Straw Process 12.2.1 Experiment 12.2.2 Forming Process and Mechanism of Deposition Erosion 12.3 Damage of Deposition and Corrosion on the Boiler 12.3.1 Influence of Deposition on the Thermal Exchange Efficiency of Heating Surface 12.3.2 Deposition Corrosion on the Heating Surface of Boiler 12.4 Measures of Reducing Deposition and Corrosion on Boiler 12.4.1 Pretreatment Method 12.4.2 Influence of Additive on the Deposition 12.5 Conclusions Chapter Ⅳ Bioenergy Resources 13 Henan Biodiesel Woody Plant Resources Introduction 13.1 Site Summary and Methodology of Research 13.1.1 Natural Condition at the Research Site 13.1.2 Research Methodology 13.2 Analysis of Biodiesel Woody Plant Resources in Henan 13.2.1 Distributional Overview on the Woody Plant Resources 13.2.2 Investigation Species Choice of Biodiesel Woody Plant Resources 13.2.3 Biodiesel Woody Plant Resources Analysis 13.3 Analysis of Distributional Zone Introduced and Expanded 13.3.1 Climatic Similarity Analysis in Distributional Zone Expansion of Existing Species 13.3.2 Distributional Zones Expanded Analysis for Existing Species 13.3.3 Plan Analysis of Species Introduced from Outside Province and Distributional Zone Expanded 13.3.4 Energy Reserves Extension Analysis 13.4 Climatic Productive Potential Analysis of Biodiesel Woody Plant Resources in Henan Province 13.4.1 Statement of Calculation Conditions 13.4.2 Calculative Results and Analysis 13.4.3 Possible Reserves of Biodiesel Woody Plant Resources in Henan Province 13.4.4 Species Selection Developed and Utilized for the Biodiesel Woody Plant Resources in Henan Province 13.4.5 Regional Expansion and Ecological Environment Construction 13.5 Conclusions 14 Contributions of Liquid Biofuel to Oil Security in China Introduction 14.1 Oil Security Issues in China 14.1.1 Current Conditions of Oil Supply and Demand in China 14.1.2 Supply Security Issues 14.1.3 Impacts of Rising Price 14.2 Researches on Solution of Energy Security Issues in China 14.2.1 Oil Reserves 14.2.2 Measures of Guaranteeing Foreign Oil Supply 14.2.3 Stabilizing Domestic Output 14.2.4 Reducing Domestic Oil Consumption 14.2.5 Relevant Oil Policies 14.3 Technologies and Raw Materials of Liquid Biofuel 14.3.1 Fuel Ethanol 14.3.2 Biodiesel 14.4 Production Potential Analysis of Chinese Liquid Biofuel 14.4.1 Existing Agricultural Products Potential on Liquid Biofuel Production 14.4.2 Basis of Liquid Biofuel Production Calculation 14.4.3 Maximum Potential of Liquid Biofuel Production and Its Influencing Factors 14.4.4 Maximum Possible Production of Liquid Biofuels in China 14.5 Suggestions on Policies for Liquid Biofuel Development in China 14.5.1 Laws and Regulations 14.5.2 Management System 14.5.3 Multi-channel Investment for Biomass Energy Industry 14.5.4 Economic Incentive Measures 14.5.5 Construction of Bioenergy Technological Innovation Ability 14.5.6 General Investigation of Resources and Regional Plan 14.5.7 Policies for Promoting the Development of Liquid Biofuel Industry 14.5.8 Experiments and Demonstrations of Project 14.6 Conclusions 15 The Contribution of the GHG Emission Reduced by Renewable Energy Application in China Introduction 15.1 The Influence of the Rural Renewable Energy Technology on the GHG Emission Reduced 15.1.1 The Emission of GHG Source and Sorption of Carbon Sink 15.1.2 The Influence of Improved Stove for Coal and Firewood on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.1.3 The Influence of Energy-saving Kang on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.1.4 The Influence of Household Biogas Digester on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.1.5 Effect of Large and Medium-sized Methane Project on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.1.6 Effect of Solar Heater on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.1.7 Effect of Solar House on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.1.8 Effect of Solar Cooker on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.1.9 Influence of Small Wind Power on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.1.10 Influence of Miniature Hydroelectric Power on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.1.11 Influence of Straw Gasification and Supply Gas Centralized on the Reduction of GHG Emission 15.2 Calculation of the CO_2 Emission Reduced by the Rural Renewable Energy Technologies 15.2.1 CO_2 Emission Coefficient of the Burning Coal 15.2.2 CO_2 Absorption Coefficient of Carbon Sink Resources 15.2.3 The Calculation Method of CO_2 Emission Reduced by the Rural Renewable Energy Technologies 15.3 Calculation of the CH_4 Emission Reduced by the Rural Renewable Energy Technologies 15.3.1 CH_4 Emission Coefficient of Burning Traditional Biomass 15.3.2 CH_4 Emission Coefficient of the Feces Management 15.3.3 Calculation Method of the CH_4 Emission Reduced by the Rural Renewable Energy Technologies 15.4 Conclusions Afterword