Contents Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Life Sciences: the Leading Discipline in the 21st Century 1 1.2 The Contents and Characteristics of Contemporary Bioengineering 9 1.3 Development and Social Impact of Contemporary Biotechnologies 13 1A Contemporary Biotechnologies and Sustainable Development 16 Chapter 2 Science Basis for Contemporary Bioengineering 21 2.1 Structure and Function of Proteins and Enzymes 21 2.2 Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids 27 2.3 Structure and Function of Polysaccharides 36 Chapter 3 Gene and Genome 39 3.1 Concept of Gene and Its Essence 39 3.2 Gene Isolation and Synthesis 44 3.3 Gene Expression and Regulation 46 3.4 Gene Mutation 58 3.5 Heredity and Human Diseases 64 3.6 Genome 69 Chapter 4 Gene Engineering 78 4.1 Tool Enzymes for Gene Engineering 81 4.2 Gene Engineering Vectors 88 4.3 Target Genes 95 4.4 Ligation of a Target Gene and Vector DNA 101 4.5 Introduction of Recombinant DNA into Receptor Cells 103 4.6 Screening of Recombinants 108 4.7 Achievements and Application of Contemporary Gene Engineering 112 Chapter 5 Cells and Cell Engineering 116 5.1 Basic Concept and Technology of Cell 116 5.2 Culture Characteristics and Nutritional Requirements of Animal and Plant Cells 122 5.3 Plant Cell Engineering 126 5.4 Animal Cell Engineering 132 5.5 Chromosome Engineering 136 5.6 Research of Stem Cells 138 5.7 Embryo Engineering and Animal Cloning Technology 142 5.8 Research Progress and Future Prospects of Cell Engineering 150 Chapter 6 Enzymes and Enzyme Engineering 153 6.1 Overview of Enzymes and Enzyme Engineering 153 6.2 Fermentation Production of Enzymes 162 6.3 Production of Enzymes with Immobilized Cell Fermentation 171 6.4 Application and Molecular Modification of Enzymes 175 6.5 Research Progress in Enzyme Engineering 178 6.6 Protein Engineering 181 Chapter 7 Microorganism and Fermentation Engineering 187 7A Introduction to Fermentation and Fermentation Engineering 187 7.2 Elementary Knowledge on Microorganisms 195 7.3 Fermentation Process Control 204 7.4 Fermentation Equipments 212 7.5 Downstream Processing Technology 218 Chq>ter8 Contemporary Bioei^iiieering Technolc^les, Agricutture and Lit Chemical Industry 232 8.1 Contemporary Bioengineering Technologies and Chemical Industry 234 8.2 Contemporary Bioengineering Technologies and Agriculture 240 8.3 Contemporary Biotechnologies and Food Industry 244 8.4 Contemporary Bioengineering Technologies and Paper Industry 253 8.5 Contemporary Biotechnologies and Leather Textile Industry 257 Chapter 9 Contemporary Bioengineering Technologies and Biomaterials 259 9.1 Introduction 259 9.2 Natural Biomaterials 261 9.3 Medicinal Biomaterials 262 9 A Tissue Engineering Materials 269 9.5 Intelligent Biomimetic Materials 277 9.6 Nanoscale Biomaterials 283 Chapter 10 Contemporary Bioengineering and Biological Medicine 286 10.1 Application of Contemporary Biotechnology in Antibiotic Industry 290 10.2 Gene Diagnosis and Gene Therapy 293 10.3 Genetic Engineering Vaccine 298 10.4 Application of Contemporary Biotechnology in New Drug Development 305 Chapter 11 Infection and Immunity 311 11.1 Infection of Pathogenic Microorganisms 311 11.2 Immune Response in Human Body 314 11.3 Antigens and Antibodies 319 Chapter 12 Biodiversity and Environmental Management 324 12.1 Loss of Biodiversity and Its Reasons 324 12.2 Significance of Biodiversity Protection 327 12.3 Biomonitoring and Evaluation of Environment 330 12.4 Bioremediation of Polluted Environmental 335 12.5 Treatment of Water Pollution 339 12.6 Atmospheric Purification 348 12.7 Biotreatment of Solid Wastes 352 Chapter 13 Safety and Social Ethics of Contemporary Bioengineering Technologies 355 13.1 Ethical Problems with Human Cloning 355 13.2 Bioweapons and Biowarfare Agents 361 13.3 Safety of Genetically Modified food 371 13.4 Research and Application of Human Genes and Its Impact 376 References 380
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