本书全面系统地对黑木耳制种与栽培技术进行了阐述。全书共 7章，第 1章~第 3章主要对黑木耳的分类地位与分布，黑木耳营养价值、药用价值和生态价值，黑木耳驯化栽培史与发展，黑木耳形态结构与生活史，黑木耳生长发育条件，黑木耳生产环境与设施设备等进行了归纳总结和论述，第 4章讲述了黑木耳菌种培育与制种技术，第 5章着重介绍了当前黑木耳高效栽培模式和技术，第 6章围绕黑木耳制种和栽培过程中易发生的病虫害及防治技术进行了讲述，第 7章提供了黑木耳的标准化生产和安全生产的有关标准及规程。作者在编写过程中，尽可能参阅国内外黑木耳前沿研究文献，力求覆盖全面、阐述明晰、技术新颖，同时兼顾应用性、实用性和可操作性。
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目录
- 目录
第一章黑木耳概述 ......................................................................................................................1
一、黑木耳分类地位与分布 ...................................................................................................1
（一）黑木耳分类地位 ..........................................................................................................1
（二）黑木耳野生资源分布 .................................................................................................2
二、黑木耳的价值......................................................................................................................2
（一）食用价值 ........................................................................................................................2
（二）药用价值 ........................................................................................................................4
（三）生态价值 ........................................................................................................................5
三、黑木耳人工栽培史.............................................................................................................6
四、黑木耳生产现状与发展 ...................................................................................................8
（一）黑木耳产业现状 ..........................................................................................................8
（二）黑木耳产业发展优势与态势 ................................................................................ 12
第二章黑木耳及其生活习性 ................................................................................................ 16
一、黑木耳的形态结构.......................................................................................................... 16
（一）菌丝与菌丝体的形态结构及特征 ....................................................................... 16
（二）子实体的形态结构与特征 ..................................................................................... 20
二、黑木耳一生 ....................................................................................................................... 22
（一）黑木耳的生长发育 ................................................................................................... 22
（二）黑木耳的繁殖 ............................................................................................................ 25
三、黑木耳的生长发育条件 ................................................................................................ 26
（一）生长基质和营养 ....................................................................................................... 26
（二）所需的外界条件 ....................................................................................................... 31
第三章黑木耳生产环境与设施设备 ................................................................................... 36
一、黑木耳生产环境 .............................................................................................................. 36
（一）黑木耳产地生态环境 .............................................................................................. 36
（二）黑木耳场地生产环境 .............................................................................................. 38
（三）生产场所的设计和布局 .......................................................................................... 39
二、黑木耳生产设施 .............................................................................................................. 41
（一）培养料配制设施 ....................................................................................................... 41
（二）灭菌冷却设施 ............................................................................................................ 42
（三）接种设施 ..................................................................................................................... 43
（四）培养设施 ..................................................................................................................... 45
（五）喷灌设施 ..................................................................................................................... 47
（六）晾晒设施 ..................................................................................................................... 48
（七）贮藏设施 ..................................................................................................................... 48
三、黑木耳生产设备 .............................................................................................................. 48
（一）原料加工及装袋设备 .............................................................................................. 49
（二）灭菌设备 ..................................................................................................................... 52
（三）接种设备 ..................................................................................................................... 57
（四）养菌设备 ..................................................................................................................... 60
（五）保藏设备 ..................................................................................................................... 62
（六）划口打孔设备 ............................................................................................................ 62
第四章黑木耳菌种培育方法与制种技术 ......................................................................... 64
一、黑木耳品种与菌种.......................................................................................................... 64
（一）黑木耳品种与分类 ................................................................................................... 64
（二）黑木耳菌种分级与类型 .......................................................................................... 64
二、黑木耳菌种培养基选择配制 ....................................................................................... 66
（一）黑木耳母种培养基的选择与配制 ....................................................................... 66
（二）黑木耳原种培养基的选择与配制 ....................................................................... 68
（三）黑木耳栽培种培养基的选择与配制 ................................................................... 70
三、黑木耳菌种培育技术 ..................................................................................................... 75
（一）黑木耳人工育种的基本方法 ................................................................................ 75
（二）黑木耳母种分离技术 .............................................................................................. 76
（三）黑木耳原种培育技术 .............................................................................................. 82
（四）黑木耳栽培种培育技术 .......................................................................................... 83
（五）黑木耳液体菌种的制作 .......................................................................................... 86
（六）黑木耳胶囊菌种的制作 .......................................................................................... 90
（七）黑木耳木粒菌种的制作 .......................................................................................... 92
（八）黑木耳菌种筛选 ....................................................................................................... 93
四、黑木耳菌种复壮与保藏技术 ....................................................................................... 94
（一）黑木耳菌种退化、老化及预防措施 ................................................................... 94
（二）黑木耳菌种复壮 ....................................................................................................... 95
（三）黑木耳菌种保藏 ....................................................................................................... 97
五、黑木耳菌种质量检查与控制 .....................................................................................101
（一）黑木耳菌种质量的检查 ........................................................................................101
（二）菌种培养期间的杂菌虫害检查 ..........................................................................107
（三）接种物萌发及发菌不良的原因与解决办法 ...................................................108
（四）黑木耳杂菌污染的原因分析及综合控制 .......................................................109
六、黑木耳优良品种选择与简介 ..................................................................................... 112
（一）黑木耳优良品种选择 ............................................................................................ 112
（二）黑木耳优良品种简介 ............................................................................................ 113
第五章黑木耳高产高效栽培技术 .....................................................................................121
一、黑木耳露地全日光代料栽培技术 ............................................................................121
（一）栽培季节控制 ..........................................................................................................121
（二）品种选择 ...................................................................................................................122
（三）生产计划制订 ..........................................................................................................123
（四）栽培种制作 ...............................................................................................................124
（五）发菌管理 ...................................................................................................................131
（六）催芽管理 ...................................................................................................................136
（七）出耳管理 ...................................................................................................................142
（八）采收与采后处理 .....................................................................................................146
二、黑木耳段木栽培技术 ...................................................................................................150
（一）栽培季节 ...................................................................................................................150
（二）场地选择与整理 .....................................................................................................151
（三）段木准备 ...................................................................................................................152
（四）人工接种 ...................................................................................................................156
（五）养菌管理 ...................................................................................................................159
（六）出耳管理 ...................................................................................................................164
（七）及时采收与干制 .....................................................................................................166
（八）越冬管理 ...................................................................................................................167
三、日光温室与塑料大棚黑木耳立体吊袋栽培技术 ................................................167
（一）日光温室和塑料大棚立体栽培黑木耳工艺流程 .........................................168
（二）日光温室和塑料大棚设施准备 ..........................................................................168
（三）黑木耳菌袋制作 .....................................................................................................174
（四）菌袋培养 ...................................................................................................................174
（五）扎眼育耳 ...................................................................................................................174
（六）吊架的搭建 ...............................................................................................................175
（七）挂袋催芽期管理 .....................................................................................................175
（八）子实体生长期管理 .................................................................................................175
（九）停水采耳 ...................................................................................................................176
（十）转潮管理 ...................................................................................................................176
四、黑木耳林地栽培技术 ...................................................................................................176
（一）林下栽培黑木耳概述 ............................................................................................176
（二）黑木耳林下露地摆袋开放式全日光育耳栽培技术 .....................................180
（三）黑木耳林间拉线吊袋仿生态栽培技术 ............................................................185
（四）林下栽培黑木耳防止流耳及菌袋霉烂措施 ...................................................187
第六章黑木耳病虫害防治技术 ..........................................................................................190
一、常见病害及其防治........................................................................................................190
（一）代料栽培黑木耳病原菌发生特征及防治 .......................................................190
（二）代料栽培黑木耳杂菌发生特征及防治 ............................................................192
（三）代料栽培菌种和栽培袋常见杂菌污染的原因与防止措施 .......................198
（四）段木栽培黑木耳常见杂菌及其特征 .................................................................200
（五）段木栽培黑木耳常见杂菌污染的原因与防治措施 .....................................202
（六）非生物病害的主要种类及预防 ..........................................................................203
二、黑木耳常见虫害及其防控..........................................................................................204
（一）危害黑木耳生产的害虫种类 ..............................................................................204
（二）综合防治措施 .......................................................................................................... 211
三、病虫害的综合防控........................................................................................................212
（一）农业防控 ...................................................................................................................212
（二）物理防控 ...................................................................................................................212
（三）药剂防控 ...................................................................................................................213
第七章黑木耳相关标准 ........................................................................................................214
一、黑木耳标准 .....................................................................................................................214
二、食用菌菌种生产标准 ...................................................................................................221
三、黑木耳菌种标准 ............................................................................................................227
四、黑木耳全光露地间歇喷雾栽培良好操作规程.....................................................234
参考文献...............................................240
附录.......................................................................241
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