目录 前言 第1章 绪论 1 1.1 引言 1 1.2 理论热力循环动态优化现状 2 1.2.1 恒温热源理论热机循环最优构型 2 1.2.2 变温热源理论热机循环最优构型 3 1.2.3 串接、联合和多热源理论热机循环最优构型 4 1.2.4 具有非均匀工质的理论热机性能界限 5 1.2.5 基于HJB理论的多级热力循环系统动态优化 5 1.3 理论化学循环动态优化现状 7 1.3.1 等温化学循环最优构型 7 1.3.2 非等温化学机循环最优构型 8 1.3.3 基于HJB理论的多级等温化学机循环系统动态优化 9 1.3.4 基于HJB理论的多级非等温化学机循环系统动态优化 9 1.4 本书的主要工作及章节安排 10 第2章 恒温热源内可逆热机循环动态优化 12 2.1 引言 12 2.2 广义辐射传热规律下无压比约束下内可逆热机最大输出功率 12 2.2.1 物理模型 12 2.2.2 优化方法 15 2.2.3 特例分析 23 2.3 广义辐射传热规律下给定压比的内可逆热机最大输出功率? 47 2.3.1 物理模型 47 2.3.2 优化方法 48 2.3.3 特例分析 57 2.4 广义辐射传热规律下给定输入能的内可逆热机最大效率 89 2.4.1 物理模型 89 2.4.2 优化方法 89 2.4.3 特例分析 99 2.5 本章小结 124 第3章 变温热源热机循环动态优化 126 3.1 引言 126 3.2 两有限热容热源内可逆热机最大输出功 126 3.2.1 物理模型 126 3.2.2 优化方法 128 3.2.3 特例分析与讨论 130 3.3 存在热漏的有限高温热源不可逆热机最大输出功 134 3.3.1 物理模型 134 3.3.2 优化方法 134 3.3.3 特例分析与讨论 136 3.4 本章小结 138 第4章 具有非均匀工质的热机性能界限 139 4.1 引言 139 4.2 线性唯象传热规律下非均匀工质非回热不可逆热机 最大输出功率 139 4.2.1 物理模型 139 4.2.2 优化方法 142 4.2.3 数值算例与讨论 146 4.3 线性唯象传热规律下非均匀工质非回热 不可逆热机最大效率 149 4.3.1 物理模型 149 4.3.2 优化方法 150 4.3.3 数值算例与讨论 153 4.4 具有非均匀工质的一类理论热机最大功率和效率 155 4.4.1 物理模型 155 4.4.2 优化方法 158 4.4.3 不同反应速率方程和热阻模型下优化结果的比较 163 4.5 本章小结 164 第5章 基于HJB理论的多级热力循环系统动态优化 166 5.1 引言 166 5.2 普适传热规律下多级不可逆热机系统最大输出功率 166 5.2.1 系统建模与特性描述 166 5.2.2 优化方法 170 5.2.3 特例分析 171 5.2.4 数值算例与讨论 179 5.3 普适传热规律下多级不可逆热泵系统耗功率最小优化 197 5.3.1 系统建模与特性描述 197 5.3.2 优化方法 200 5.3.3 特例分析 201 5.3.4 数值算例与讨论 207 5.4 本章小结 211 第6章 化学机循环动态优化 213 6.1 引言 213 6.2 有限高势库等温内可逆化学机最大输出功 214 6.2.1 物理模型 214 6.2.2 优化方法 216 6.2.3 特例分析与讨论 218 6.3 存在质漏的有限高势库等温不可逆化学机最大输出功 224 6.3.1 物理模型 224 6.3.2 优化方法 225 6.3.3 特例分析与讨论 227 6.4 多库等温内可逆化学机最大输出功率 230 6.4.1 物理模型 230 6.4.2 优化方法 231 6.4.3 数值算例与讨论 234 6.5 基于LIT的有限高势库非等温内可逆化学机最大输出功 237 6.5.1 物理模型 237 6.5.2 优化方法 239 6.5.3 特例分析与讨论 241 6.6 本章小结 246 第7章 基于HJB理论的多级等温化学循环系统动态优化 248 7.1 引言 248 7.2 线性传质规律下多级等温不可逆化学机系统最大输出功率优化 249 7.2.1 系统建模与特性描述 249 7.2.2 优化方法 255 7.2.3 数值算例与讨论 260 7.3 扩散传质规律下多级等温不可逆化学机系统最大功率输出优化 271 7.3.1 系统建模与特性描述 271 7.3.2 优化方法 273 7.3.3 数值算例与讨论 275 7.4 线性传质规律下多级等温内可逆化学泵系统耗功率最小优化 278 7.4.1 系统建模与特性描述 278 7.4.2 优化方法 281 7.4.3 数值算例与讨论 282 7.5 本章小结 287 第8章 基于HJB理论的多级非等温不可逆化学机系统动态优化 288 8.1 引言 288 8.2 基于Lewis相似的单级非等温不可逆化学机最大输出功率 288 8.2.1 物理模型 288 8.2.2 优化方法 291 8.2.3 特例分析 294 8.2.4 数值算例与讨论 296 8.3 基于Lewis相似的多级非等温不可逆化学机系统最大输出功率 299 8.3.1 系统建模与特性描述 299 8.3.2 优化方法 301 8.3.3 特例分析 303 8.4 基于LIT的单级非等温不可逆化学机最大输出功率 305 8.4.1 物理模型 305 8.4.2 优化方法 306 8.4.3 特例分析 310 8.4.4 数值算例与讨论 311 8.5 基于LIT的多级非等温不可逆化学机系统最大输出功率 314 8.5.1 系统建模与特性描述 314 8.5.2 优化方法 317 8.5.3 特例分析 317 8.6 本章小结 319 第9章 全书总结 321 参考文献 327 附录A 最优化理论概述 346 A.1 引言 346 A.2 静态优化 347 A.2.1 无约束函数极值优化 347 A.2.2 仅含等式约束函数极值优化 348 A.2.3 含不等式约束函数极值优化 349 A.3 动态优化 350 A.3.1 古典变分法 351 A.3.2 极小值原理 356 A.3.3 动态规划 359 A.3.4 平均最优控制理论 365 A.4 附录A小结 367 附录B 主要符号说明 368 Contents Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The dynamic-optimization status of theoretical thermodynamic cycles 2 1.2.1 Optimal configurations of theoretical heat engine cycles with constant-temperature heat reservoirs 2 1.2.2 Optimal configurations of theoretical heat engine cycles with variable-temperature heat reservoirs 3 1.2.3 Optimal configurations of sequential, combined and multi- reservoir theoretical heat engine cycles 4 1.2.4 Performance limits for theoretical heat engines with a non-uniform working fluid 5 1.2.5 Dynamic-optimization of multistage thermodynamic cycle systems based on Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory 5 1.3 The dynamic-optimization status of theoretical chemical cycles 7 1.3.1 Optimal configurations of isothermal chemical cycles 7 1.3.2 Optimal configurations of non-isothermal chemical cycles 8 1.3.3 Dynamic-optimization of multistage isothermal chemical cycle systems based on Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory 9 1.3.4 Dynamic-optimization of multistage non-isothermal chemical cycle systems based on Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory 9 1.4 The major work and chapters’ arrangement of this book 10 Chapter 2 Dynamic-Optimization of Endoreversible Heat Engines with Constant- Temperature Heat Reservoirs 12 2.1 Introduction 12 2.2 Maximum power output of endoreversible heat engines with generalized radiative heat transfer law and without constraint of compression ratio 12 2.2.1 Physical model 12 2.2.2 Optimization method 15 2.2.3 Analyses for special cases 23 2.3 Maximum power output of endoreversible heat engines with generalized radiative heat transfer law and fixed compression ratio 47 2.3.1 Physical model 47 2.3.2 Optimization method 48 2.3.3 Analyses for special cases 57 2.4 Maximum efficiency of endoreversible heat engines with generalized radiative heat transfer law and fixed input energy 89 2.4.1 Physical model 89 2.4.2 Optimization method 89 2.4.3 Analyses for special cases 99 2.5 Chapter summary 124 Chapter 3 Dynamic-Optimization of Heat Engine Cycles with Variable-Temperature Heat Reservoirs 126 3.1 Introduction 126 3.2 Maximum work output of endoreversible heat engines with two finite thermal capacity heat reservoirs 126 3.2.1 Physical model 126 3.2.2 Optimization method 128 3.2.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 130 3.3 Maximum work output of irreversible heat engines with finite high-temperature heat source and bypass heat leakage 134 3.3.1 Physical model 134 3.3.2 Optimization method 134 3.3.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 136 3.4 Chapter summary 138 Chapter 4 Performance Limits of Heat Engines with a Non- Uniform Working Fluid 139 4.1 Introduction 139 4.2 Maximum power output of irreversible non-regeneration heat engines with the non-uniform working fluid and linear phenomenological heat transfer law 139 4.2.1 Physical model 139 4.2.2 Optimization method 142 4.2.3 Numerical examples and discussions 146 4.3 Maximum efficiency of irreversible non-regeneration heat engines with the non-uniform working fluid and linear phenomenological heat transfer law 149 4.3.1 Physical model 149 4.3.2 Optimization method 150 4.3.3 Numerical examples and discussions 153 4.4 Maximum power and efficiency of a class of theoretical heat engines with the non-uniform working fluid 155 4.4.1 Physical model 155 4.4.2 Optimization method 158 4.4.3 Comparison of optimization results with different reaction rate equations and thermal resistance models 163 4.5 Chapter summary 164 Chapter 5 Dynamic-Optimization of Multistage Thermodynamic Cycle Systems Based on Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Theory 166 5.1 Introduction 166 5.2 Maximum power output of multistage irreversible heat engine systems with a generalized heat transfer law 166 5.2.1 System modeling and characteristic description 166 5.2.2 Optimization method 170 5.2.3 Analyses for special cases 171 5.2.4 Numerical examples and discussions 179 5.3 Minimum power consumption of multistage irreversible heat pump systems with the generalized heat transfer law 197 5.3.1 System modeling and characteristic description 197 5.3.2 Optimization method 200 5.3.3 Analyses for special cases 201 5.3.4 Numerical examples and discussions 207 5.4 Chapter summary 211 Chapter 6 Dynamic-Optimization of Chemical Engine Cycles 213 6.1 Introduction 213 6.2 Maximum work output of isothermal endoreversible chemical engines with a finite high-potential mass reservoir 214 6.2.1 Physical model 214 6.2.2 Optimization method 216 6.2.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 218 6.3 Maximum work output of isothermal irreversible chemical engines with a finite high-potential mass reservoir and mass leakage 224 6.3.1 Physical model 224 6.3.2 Optimization method 225 6.3.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 227 6.4 Maximum power output of a multi-reservoir isothermal endoreversible chemical engine 230 6.4.1 Physical model 230 6.4.2 Optimization method 231 6.4.3 Numerical examples and discussions 234 6.5 Maximum work output of non-isothermal endoreversible chemical engines with a finite high-potential mass reservoir based on linear irreversible thermodynamics 237 6.5.1 Physical model 237 6.5.2 Optimization method 239 6.5.3 Analyses for special cases and discussions 241 6.6 Chapter summary 246 Chapter 7 Dynamic-Optimization of Multistage Isothermal Chemical Cycle Systems Based on Hamilton-Jacobi- Bellman Theory 248 7.1 Introduction 248 7.2 Maximum power output of a multistage isothermal irreversible chemical engine system with linear mass transfer law 249 7.2.1 System modeling and characteristic description 249 7.2.2 Optimization method 255 7.2.3 Numerical examples and discussions 260 7.3 Maximum power output of a multistage isothermal irreversible chemical engine system with diffusive mass transfer law 271 7.3.1 System modeling and characteristic description 271 7.3.2 Optimization method 273 7.3.3 Numerical examples and discussions 275 7.4 Optimization for minimizing power consumption of a multistage isothermal endoreversible chemical pump system with linear mass transfer law 278 7.4.1 System modeling and characteristic description 278 7.4.2 Optimization method 281 7.4.3 Numerical examples and discussions 282 7.5 Chapter summary 287 Chapter 8 Dynamic-Optimization of Multistage Non-Isothermal Irreversible Chemical Engine Systems Based on Hamilton -Jacobi-Bellman Theory 288 8.1 Introduction 288 8.2 Maximum power output of a single-stage non-isothermal irreversible chemical engine based on Lewis similarity criterion 288 8.2.1 Physical model 288 8.2.2 Optimization method 291 8.2.3 Analyses for special cases 294 8.2.4 Numerical examples and discussions 296 8.3 Maximum power output of a multistage non-isothermal irreversible chemical engine system based on Lewis similarity criterion 299 8.3.1 System modeling and characteristic description 299 8.3.2 Optimization method 301 8.3.3 Analyses for special cases 303 8.4 Maximum power output of a single-stage non-isothermal irreversible chemical engine based on linear irreversible thermodynamics 305 8.4.1 Physical model 305 8.4.2 Optimization method 306 8.4.3 Analyses for special cases 310 8.4.4 Numerical examples and discussions 311 8.5 Maximum power output of a multistage non-isothermal irreversible chemical engine system based on linear irreversible thermodynamics 314 8.5.1 System modeling and characteristic description 314 8.5.2 Optimization method 317 8.5.3 Analyses for special cases 317 8.6 Chapter summary 319 Chapter 9 Book Summary 321 References 327 Appendix A An Overview of Optimization Theory 346 A.1 Introduction 346 A.2 Static optimization 347 A.2.1 Function extremum optimization without constraint 347 A.2.2 Function extremum optimization with equality constraints 348 A.2.3 Function extremum optimization with inequality constraints 349 A.3 Dynamic optimization 350 A.3.1 Classical variational method 351 A.3.2 The minimum principle 356 A.3.3 Dynamic programming 359 A.3.4 Average optimal control theory 365 A.4 Appendix summary 367 Appendix B Nomenclature 368
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