Contents Acknowledgements 前言 Abstract Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Object of Research 1.2 Chinese Table Tennis Commentary 1.3 Stance in Chinese Table Tennis Commentary 1.4 General Approach 1.5 Organization of the Book Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Sports Announcer Talk 2.2.1 SAT as a register or genre 2.2.2 Linguistic features of SAT 2.2.3 Key information tiers in a SAT 2.2.4 Methodology in SAT research 2.2.5 Professional experience in producing a SAT 2.2.6 Summary on the review of previous SAT researches 2.3 Linguistic Theory of Evaluation 2.3.1 Affection in lexis 2.3.2 Stance in sentence 2.3.3 Evaluation in discourse 2.4 Speech Act Theory 2.4.1 Why Speech Act Theory? 2.4.2 A brief introduction to Speech Act Theory 2.4.3 What other speech act does a constative utterance usually perform? 2.4.4 Is there an alternative way to classify speech acts? 2.4.5 What is the relationship between and among speech acts? 2.4.6 Summary on the review of Speech Act Theory 2.5 Discussion and Summary 2.5.1 Discussion 2.5.2 Summary Chapter 3 Research Methodology 3.1 General Hypothesis 3.2 Data Collection, Transcription and Process 3.2.1 Data selection 3.2.2 Data transcription 3.2.3 Data processing 3.3 Competition in Table Tennis and Comparison in CTTC 3.3.1 Aspects of CTTC:objective or subjective 3.3.2 Comparative categories 3.4 Two Key Comparisons 3.4.1 Selection of point,stroke,or performance for evaluation 3.4.2 Speech act allocation and analysis 3.4.3 Evaluation patterns and their allocation 3.5 Discussion and Summary 3.5.1 Discussion 3.5.2 Summary Chapter 4 A General Description of CTTC 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Description of CTTC 4.3 Basic Statistics 4.3.1 Constant frequency of different commentaries 4.3.2 Discourse usages and patterns 4.4 General Structure of a CTTC 4.4.1 Information tiers 4.4.2 Evaluation distribution 4.5 Discussion and Summary 4.5.1 Discussion 4.5.2 Summary Chapter 5 Selection of Points and Strokes for Commentary 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Basic Concepts 5.2.1 Basics of table tennis stroke 5.2.2 Alternate strokes 5.2.3 Pilot transcription of alternate strokes by the author 5.2.4 Transcription of alternate strokes by coaches 5.2.5 General summary 5.3 Competition Point and Commentary Unit 5.3.1 Score reports and game stages 5.3.2 Commentary unit 5.3.3 Stage contents and their organization 5.4 Stage Perspective and Commentary Stance 5.4.1 Basic perspectives 5.4.2 Stage perspective 5.4.3 Commentary distribution 5.4.4 Commentary stance 5.5 Summary and Discussion 5.5.1 Summary 5.5.2 Discussion Chapter 6 Category and Distribution of Speech Acts 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Commentator, Audience and Player in a CTTC 6.3 Speech Acts in a CTTC 6.3.1 Definition and category 6.3.2 Speech act tagging 6.4 Distribution of Speech Acts in a CTTC 6.5 Macro Speech Act 6.6 Summary and Discussion 6.6.1 Summary 6.6.2 Discussion Chapter 7 Conclusion 7.1 Major Findings and Contributions 7.2 Conclusions 7.3 Limitations and Further Studies 7.3.1 Limitations 7.3.2 Further studies References Appendix 1 Details of the Research Data Appendix 2 Glossary of Table Tennis Appendix 3 A Sample CTTC Appendix 4 English Translation of the Sample CTTC Appendix 5 Alternate Strokes Transcription Appendix 6 Intuition Consultation Appendix 7 Statistics of Speech Act Allocation List of Tables 2-1 Categories of a sport announcers talk(Based on Reaser 2003:306) 2-2 Collocates of the verbcause(Based on Stubbs 2001:47) 2-3 QUESTIONING 2-4 REQUESTING 2-5 OFFERING 2-6 Felicity condition of an ASSERTIVE 2-7 Example members of EXERCITIVE 2-8 Symbolic forms of different speech acts 3-1 Different percentage of CTTC in terms of competition significance 3-2 Percentage of CTTC in terms of competition time 3-3 Percentage of CTTC in terms of games won by Chinese party 3-4 Definition of EXCUSE-FINDING 4-1 A sample summary of a CTTC 4-2 Some of the shared words and expressions of CTTC No5,8 and 9 4-3 Various expressions and patterns concerning the competition program 4-4 Variety of score reporting 4-5 Score reporting combined with stage reporting 4-6 Score reporting serving as the segmentation of CTTC 4-7 Hailing(complimenting)and wailing(regretting)expressions 4-8 Attention-drawing expressions 5-1 Blank for stroke and point transcription 5-2 Game statistics of the winner strokes 5-3 Game statistics of the loser strokes 5-4 Serve announcement 5-5 Distribution of commentary perspective(CTTC No.5) 5-6 Allocation of commentary stages(Only in winner-loser perspective) 5-7 Distribution of commentary perspective(CTTC No.2) 5-8 Allocation of commentary stages(Only in winner-loser perspective) 6-1 Examples of evaluation speeches 6-2 Definition of PRAISING 6-3 Definition of CRITICISING 6-4 Definition of SUGGESTING 6-5 Definition of EXCUSE-FINDING 6-6 Definition of WORRYING 6-7 Definition of EXPECTING 6-8 Speech act of HAILING 6-9 Definition of WAILING 6-10 Total instances of“上手”(to initiate/to start)from the database 6-11 Percentage of agreement on speech act recognition 6-12 Distribution of speech acts in CTTC No.5^* 6-13 General allocation of speech acts across commentaries of 13 matches(32 games in all) 6-14 Individual speech act performed in a competition stage 6-15 Integrated WORRYING 6-16 Integrated SUGGESTING 6-17 Integrated PRAISING 6-18 Integrated EXPECTING 7-1 Commentary of a spectacular rally(17to18,Game5,CTTC No.5) A1-1 Data information(CTTC No.1) A1-2 Data information(CTTC No.2) A1-3 Data information(CTTC No.3) A1-4 Data information(CTTC No.4) A1-5 Data information(CTTC No.5) A1-6 Data information(CTTC No.6) A1-7 Data information(CTTC No.7) A1-8 Data information(CTTC No.8) A1-9 Data information(CTTC No.9) A1-10 Data information(CTTC No.10) A1-11 Data information(CTTC No.11) A1-12 Data information(CTTC No.12) A1-13 Data information(CTTC No.13) A1-14 Data information(CTTC No.14) A1-15 Data information(CTTC No.15) A1-16 Data information(CTTC No.16) A1-17 Data information(CTTC No.17) A7-1 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.1) A7-2 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.2) A7-3 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.3) A7-4 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.4) A7-5 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.5) A7-6 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.6) A7-7 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.7) A7-8 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.8) A7-9 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.9) A7-10 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.10) A7-11 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.11) A7-12 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.12) A7-13 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.13) A7-14 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.14) A7-15 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.15) A7-16 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.16) A7-17 Speech act allocation(CTTC No.17) List of Figures 3-1 Cai Meng(left)and Yang Ying in the broadcasting box 5-1 Serve moment, Liu Guozheng(CHN) 6-1 Commentators Hong Gang and Yang Ying(right)are well-guarded in their broadcasting box 6-2 Drop shot from Wang Liqin(CHN) A2-1 Pengrip backside loop from Wang Hao(CHN) A2-2 Forehand flip from lefty Boll(GER) A2-3 Forehand loop from Kreanga(GRE) A2-4 Toss serve from Hao Shuai(CHN) A2-5 Backhand loop from Schlager(AUT) A2-6 Ready stance for receive,Ma Lin(CHN) A2-7 Backhand serve from Niu Jianfeng(CHN) A2-8 Step around and loop from Kong Linghui(CHN)
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