目录 Contents 前言Foreword Chapter 1 The General Plan of the Human Body 1 1.1 What are Living Things Made of 1 1.2 Body Systems 2 1.3 Directionsin the Body 3 1.4 Body Cavities 4 1.5 The Metric System 5 Chapter 2 Disease and Disease Gproducing Organisms 11 2.1 What is Disease 11 2.2 The Study of Disease 12 2.3 Disease Terminology 13 2.4 Infection 14 2.5 The Microorganisms 14 2.6 Microbial Control 19 2.7 Laboratory Identification of Pathogens 22 Chapter 3 ChemistryofLife 30 3.1 What is Chemistry 30 3.2 A Look at Atoms 30 3.3 Molecules,Elements,Compounds and Mixtures 31 3.4 Ions and Electrolytes 33 3.5 Acids and Bases 34 3.6 The Chemistry of Living Matter 34 Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function 42 4.1 CellularOrganization 42 4.2 Crossing the Plasma 43 4.3 The Cell Cycle 45 Chapter 5 Body Tissues and Membranes 51 5.1 Epithelial Tissue 51 5.2 Connective Tissue 54 5.3 Muscular Tissue 58 5.4 Nervous Tissue 59 5.5 Extracellular Junctions,Glands,and Membranes 60 Chapter 6 The Blood 69 6.1 Purposes of the Blood 69 6.2 Blood Constituents 69 6.3 Origin of the Corpuscles 72 6.4 Blood Clotting 73 6.5 Uses of Blood Derivatives 73 6.6 Blood Disorders 74 6.7 Blood Studies 77 6.8 Blood Chemistry Tests 78 6.9 Other Blood Tests 79 Chapter 7 The Heart and the Heart Disease 89 7.1 Circulation and the Heart 89 7.2 Structure of the Heart 90 7.3 Physiology of the Heart 91 7.4 Heart Disease 93 7.5 Prevention of Heart Ailments 97 7.6 Some Practical Aspects of Treatment 97 Chapter 8 Blood Vessels and Blood Circulation 109 8.1 Kinds of Blood Vessels 109 8.2 Structure of Blood Vessels 109 8.3 Names of Systemic Arteries 111 8.4 Names of Systemic Veins 114 8.5 How Capillaries Work 117 8.6 Pulse and Blood Pressure 118 8.7 Disorders Involving the Blood Vessels 120 8.8 Replacement of Arteries 123 Chapter 9 Bones,Joints and Muscles 133 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System 133 9.2 The Bones 133 Chapter 10 The Integumentary System 157 10.1 Structure of the Skin 157 10.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin 159 10.3 Disorders of the Skin 162 10.4 Effects of Aging 165 10.5 Homeostasis 165 Chapter 11 Respiration 176 11.1 Respiration 176 11.2 The Respiratory System 176 11.3 The Lung Cavities 179 11.4 Physiology of Respiration 179 11.5 Disorders of the Respiratory System 181 11.6 Some Practical Aspects of Ventilation 187 11.7 Special Equipment for Respiratory Tract Treatments 188 Chapter 12 Digestion and Indigestion 200 12.1 What the Digestive System Does 200 12.2 The Alimentary Canal 201 12.3 The Accessory Structures 211 12.4 The Peritoneum 213 12.5 Some Practical Aspects of Nutrition 214 Chapter 13 Urinary System and Excretion 224 13.1 Urinary System 224 13.2 Anatomy of the Kidney and Excretion 227 13.3 Regulatory Functions of the Kidneys 230 13.4 Problems with Kidney Function 234 13.5 Effects of Aging 235 Chapter 14 The Endocrine System 241 14.1 Endocrine Glands 241 14.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 242 14.3 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 244 14.4 Adrenal Glands 245 14.5 Pancreas 248 14.6 Other Endocrine Glands 248 14.7 Chemical Signals 250 14.8 Effects of Aging 251 14.9 Homeostasis 252 Chapter 15 The Brain,the Spinal Cord and the Nerves 259 15.1 The Nervous Systemasa Whole 259 15.2 Nervesin General 260 15.3 Central Nervous System 260 15.4 The Peripheral Nervous System 269 15.5 The Autonomic Nervous System 272 Chapter 16 The Sensory System 281 16.1 Sense and Sensory Mechanisms 281 16.2 The Eye 281 16.3 The Ear 288 16.4 Other Organs of Special Sense 290 16.5 General Senses 291 Chapter 17 Body Temperature and Its Regulation 299 17.1 Body Temperature and Homeostasis 299 17.2 Heat Production 299 17.3 Heat Loss 300 17.4 Temperature Regulation 301 17.5 Normal Body Temperature 301 17.6 Abnormal Body Temperature 302 17.7 Effects of Extreme 303 Chapter 18 The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses 310 18.1 Lymphatic System 310 18.2 Organs,Tissueand Cells of the Immune System 311 18.3 Nonspecific and Specific Defenses 313 18.4 Induced Immunity 319 18.5 Effects of Aging 323 18.6 Homeostasis 324 Chapter 19 Reproduction 329 19.1 Male Reproductive System 329 19.2 Female Reproductive System 332 19.3 Pregnancy 337 19.4 The Menopause 343 Chapter 20 Human Genetics 351 20.1 ChromosomalInheritance 351 20.2 Down Syndrome 354 20.3 Too Many/Too Few Sex Chromosomes 355 20.4 Genetic Inheritance 356 20.5 DNA Technology 359 Medical Terminology 370 Key to the Exercises 373 参考文献References 382