目录 Contents 1 Environmental Property of Minerals 1 1.1 Research Category of Environmental Property of Minerals 1 1.1.1 Minerals Record Environmental Changes 1 1.1.2 Minerals Affect Environmental Quality 2 1.1.3 Minerals Reflect Environmental Evaluation 3 1.1.4 Minerals Control Environmental Pollution 4 1.1.5 Minerals Participate in Biological Function 5 1.2 Natural Self-purification Function of Inorganic Mineral 6 1.2.1 Surface Effect of Mineral 7 1.2.2 Channel Effect of Mineral 9 1.2.3 Structure Effect of Mineral 11 1.2.4 Ion Exchange Effect of Mineral 12 1.2.5 Redox Effect of Mineral 13 1.2.6 Precipitation/Dissolution Effect of Mineral 14 1.2.7 Crystallization Effect of Mineral 14 1.2.8 Hydration Effect of Mineral 15 1.2.9 Thermal Effect of Mineral 16 1.2.10 Photocatalytic Effect of Mineral 17 1.2.11 Nano Effect of Mineral 17 1.2.12 Composite Effect of Mineral and Organism 18 1.3 Environmental Effects of the Synergism Between Minerals and Microorganisms 19 1.3.1 Mineral Electron Energy Form 20 1.3.2 Mineral Photoelectrons Promote the Origin and Evolution of Life 22 1.3.3 Mineral Photoelectrons Promote the Growth and Metabolism of Photoelectrophic Microorganisms 23 1.3.4 Microbial Photoelectrophic Nutrition Mode 25 References 28 2 Environmental Effects of Channel Structure Minerals 32 2.1 Octahedral Channel Effects of Cryptomelane 32 2.1.1 Channel Structure of Manganese Oxide 33 2.1.2 Channel Effect of Natural Cryptomelane 33 2.1.3 Remarks on the Reactivity of Nanomineral Aggregates 36 2.2 Channel Structure Effects of Potassium Feldspar Tetrahedron 37 2.2.1 Channel Structure Characteristics of Potassium Feldspar 37 2.2.2 Ion Exchange Effect of Potassium Feldspar Channels 40 2.3 Tubular-Texture Effects of the Chrysotile 48 2.3.1 Crystal Structure of the Chrysotile 48 2.3.2 The Active Group of Chrysotile 49 2.3.3 The Activity of Chrysotile 51 2.3.4 The Nanotube of Clinochrysotile 52 2.3.5 Nano-fibriform Silica from Natural Chrysotile 53 References 57 3 Photoactivity of Mn Oxides on Earth’s Surface 61 3.1 Nature Manganese Oxides 62 3.1.1 Vast Distribution of Mn Oxides on Modern Earth 62 3.1.2 Widespread Mn Coatings on Earth’s Surface 62 3.1.3 Photoelectric Behavior of Mn (Oxyhydr)oxide 65 3.2 Electronic Structure of Natural Semiconducting Mn Oxides 68 3.2.1 Effect of Mn (or O) Vacancies.. 69 3.2.2 Effect of Metal Cations 71 3.3 Photocatalytic Self-reduction of Natural Mn Oxides 72 3.3.1 Photocatalytic Oxidation of Water by M^CaOx 72 3.3.2 Photocatalytic Self-reduction of Natural Mn Oxides 74 3.4 Environmental Functions of Mn Oxides Controlled by Mn Redox Cycling 75 3.4.1 Reductive Dissolution of Mn Oxides Mediated by Organic Matter 75 3.4.2 Oxidative Formation of Mn Oxides and Heavy Metal Sorption 76 3.5 Concluding Remarks 77 References 77 4 Redox Activity of Iron Sulfide and Mn Oxide 82 4.1 Removal of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from Aqueous Solution and Industrial Wastewater by Natural Pyrrhotite 82 4.1.1 Characteristics of Pyrrhotite and Wastewater 83 4.1.2 Effectiveness in Cr(VI) Removal 83 4.1.3 Solid Phases After Cr(VI) Removal 85 4.1.4 Process of Cr(VI) Removal 86 4.1.5 Potential Industrial Application 87 4.2 Reactivity of Mn Oxide Cryptomelane 88 4.2.1 Occurrence and Characterization of Cryptomelane 88 4.2.2 Oxidation of Phenols by Mn Oxide 91 References 99 5 Interaction Between Fe & Mn-Bearing Minerals and Microbes 101 5.1 Reduction of Goethite by Cronobacter sakazakii 102 5.1.1 Total Protein and Fe(II) Concentration Changes 102 5.1.2 Morphology of the Strain and Minerals 103 5.1.3 Coordination Structure and Fe Oxidation State of the Products 104 5.2 Reduction of Birnessite by a Novel Dietzia Strain 106 5.2.1 Anaerobic Reduction of Birnessite by 45-1b 107 5.2.2 Aerobic Reduction of Birnessite by 45-1b 108 5.2.3 Effect of AQDS on Reduction of Birnessite 109 5.2.4 Mineral Characterization of Bioreduced Samples 110 5.3 Coupled Anaerobic and Aerobic Microbial Processes for Mn-Carbonate Precipitation 114 5.3.1 Birnessite Bioreduction by 45-1b Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions 114 5.3.2 Effect of Oxygen on Birnessite Bioreduction and Rhodochrosite Precipitation 120 5.3.3 A Conceptual Model and Geologic Significances of Mn(II) Carbonate Precipitation at Anaerobic Sub-interfaces in the Aerobic Environment 125 References 127 6 Photocatalytic Reduction Effects of Sphalerite and Sulfur 131 6.1 Mineralogical Characteristics of Natural Sphalerite 132 6.1.1 Occurrence 132 6.1.2 Crystal Chemical Characteristics 132 6.1.3 Surface Charge 134 6.2 Semiconducting Characteristics of Natural Sphalerite. 134 6.2.1 Optical Absorption 134 6.2.2 Electronic Structure 134 6.2.3 Conduction and Valence Band Potentials 135 6.3 Photocatalytic Activities of Natural Sphalerite 135 6.3.1 Photoreduction of Pollutants as Well as Carbon Dioxide by Sphalerite 135 6.3.2 Highly Efficient ZnO/ZnFe2〇4 Photocatalyst from Thermal Treatment of Sphalerite 138 6.4 Photoreduction of Inorganic Carbon(+IV) by Elemental Sulfur 145 6.4.1 Geochemistry of Tengchong Terrestrial Hot Spring with Abundant S0 146 6.4.2 Photoreduction of Carbonate to Produce HCOOH in the Presence of S0 147 6.4.3 The Photoactivity of S0 Under UV Light 148 6.4.4 Adsorption of Carbonate Molecules and Formation of Formate on S0 151 6.4.5 Reaction Mechanisms Based on the Semiconducting Properties of S0 151 6.4.6 Reaction Mechanisms Based on Broken Bonds Reacting with Adsorbed Molecules... 152 6.4.7 Implications for Photoreactive S0 in Prebiotic Terrestrial Hydrothermal Systems 154 References 156 7 Photocatalytic Oxidation Effects of Rutile 160 7.1 Mineralogical Characteristics of Natural Rutile 160 7.1.1 Occurrence 160 7.1.2 Crystal Chemical Characteristics 160 7.1.3 Surface Charge 163 7.2 Semiconducting Characteristics of Natural Rutile 163 7.2.1 Optical Absorption 163 7.2.2 Electronic Structure 164 7.2.3 Conduction and Valence Band Potentials 164 7.3 Photocatalytic Activities of Natural Rutile 167 7.3.1 Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methyl Orange by Natural Rutile Under Visible Light 167 7.3.2 Enhanced Visible-Light Response of Natural Rutile by Thermal Treatment 169 7.3.3 Explanations and Prospectivity of Rutile Photocatalysis on Both Earth and Mars 183 References 185 8 Interactions Between Semiconducting Minerals and Microbes 191 8.1 Interactions Between Semiconducting Minerals and Bacteria Under Light 191 8.1.1 Synergistic Pathway Between Semiconducting Minerals and Microorganisms 192 8.1.2 Semiconducting Minerals Stimulate Growth of Non-phototrophicBacteria 192 8.1.3 Synergism Between Microorganisms and Semiconducting Minerals in Environmental Remediation. 193 8.2 Regulation and Influence of Mineral-Microorganism Electron Transfer on Microbial Community 194 8.2.1 Semiconducting Minerals Regulate Extracellular Electron Transfer and Microbial Community Composition 194 8.2.2 Photoelectron Energy of Semiconducting Minerals Affects Microbial Community and Function 204 8.3 Regulation and Influence of Mineral-Microorganism Electron Transfer on Microbial Strains 209 8.3.1 Extracellular Electron Transfer to Minerals Through External Circuit and Syneistically Enhanced by Semiconducting Minerals 209 8.3.2 Extracellular Electron Transfer to Minerals Directly with Promotion from Semiconducting Minerals 213 8.3.3 Photoelectron Energy Utilized by Microbes to Accelerate Metabolism 223 8.4 Environmental Effects and Application of Pollutant Treatment 229 8.4.1 Light Fuel Cell Tech for Pollution Treatment by Semiconducting Minerals Cooperating with Extracellular Electron Transform 229 8.4.2 SSC Enhanced LFC System for Wastewater Treatment 239 References 242 9 Human Pathological Mineral Features 248 9.1 Mineralization Characteristics of Psammoma Body Mineralization in Meningioma 248 9.1.1 Morphology and Composition of Psammoma Body Mineralization in Meningioma 249 9.1.2 Characterization of Morphology, Chemical Composition, and Microstructure of Separated PBs 251 9.1.3 Discussion on the Formation Mechanism of Calcification 253 9.2 Characteristics of Cardiovascular Mineralization 254 9.2.1 Cardiovascular System Mineralization 254 9.2.2 Mineralogical Characterization of Calcification in Cardiovascular Aortic Atherosclerotic Plaque 255 9.3 Characteristics of Psammoma Bodies in Ovarian Tumors 259 9.3.1 Morphology and Distribution of Psammoma Bodies in Ovarian Tumors 259 9.3.2 The Mineral Composition and Fine Structure of Psammoma Bodies in Ovarian Tumors 260 9.4 Carbonate and Cation Substitution in Hydroxyapatite in Breast Cancer Micro-calcifications 263 9.4.1 Mineral Phase and Crystal Structure 263 9.4.2 Carbonate Substitution 264 9.4.3 Cation Substitution 267 9.4.4 Diagnostic Significance and Implications 267 References 268 10 Infrared Effect of Minerals 270 10.1 The Theory of Infrared Spectra 270 10.2 Thermal Emission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals 271 10.2.1 The Characteristics of the Natural Carbonate Minerals 272 10.2.2 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy 274 10.2.3 Infrared Emission Spectroscopy 274 10.2.4 The Effect of Crystal Chemistry on Characteristic Vibrations 277 10.2.5 Infrared Radiation Properties of Minerals 278 10.3 The Middle and Far-infrared Spectroscopy Characteristics of Calcite, Dolomite and Magnesite 281 10.3.1 Mineral Characteristics and Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy 282 10.3.2 Mid-infrared Thermal Emission Spectroscopy 283 10.3.3 Mass of Metal Atoms Affects the Spectral Vibration Characteristics 284 10.3.4 Effect of Antisymmetric Stretching Vibration of C-O Bond on the Emissivity of Carbonate Minerals 286 10.3.5 Influence of Crystal Structure on the Radiation Characteristics of Minerals 287 10.4 Thermal Emission Spectra of Silicate Minerals 288 10.4.1 Infrared Spectroscopy 288 10.4.2 Comparison of Absorption and Emission Bands of Silicate Minerals 295 10.4.3 Effect of Vibrating SiO$ Tetrahedron on Infrared Radiation Properties 296 10.4.4 Geologic Implications 298 References 299
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