This book is composed of twenty-one chapters that can be further divided into four parts: (i) A brief introduction to pathophysiology and the disease. (ii) The cellular and molecular pathophysiology including deregulation of signal transduction and mechanisms underlying aberrant cell proliferation, differentiation and death. (iii) The fundamental pathological processes that can appear in different diseases, including fluid and electrolyte imbalance, acid and base disturbance, glucose metabolism disorder, lipid metabolism disorders, stress, fever, edema, ischemia and reperfusion, shock, multi-organic dysfunction, and hypoxia. Knowledge of these basic pathophysiological processe is essential for understanding the general mechanisms underlying most of the diseases. (iv) The organ dysfunctions including heart, lung, liver, kidney and the brain. The focus in his last part is still on the pathological processes and the mechanisms underlying the organ insufficiency or failure. Each chapter is organized by the segments emphasizing respectively the general concepts, the etiology and pathogenesis, the alterations of metabolism and the function, and as well as the principles for the prevention and therapies, which are also the key for teaching and learning in pathophysiology courses.The clinical doctors can choose the book as a refresher and update their understanding the mechanisms of diseases. Nurses and other practitioners will find that the concise format and broad/new scope of the book facilitate their understanding of basic disease entities.
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目录
Chapter 1 Introduction of Disease 1 1.1 Concept of Disease 1 1.2 Etiology of Disease 1 1.3 Pathogenesis of Disease 3 1.4 Outcome of Disease 4Chapter 2 Abnormality of Cellular Signal Transduction and Related Diseases 6 2.1 Overview of Cell Signal Transduction 6 2.2 Mechanisms of Abnormal Cell Signal Transduction 10 2.3 Cell Signal Transduction Abnormality and Diseases 11 2.4 Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment 15 Chapter 3 Abnormal Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Related Diseases 17 3.1 Deregulated Cell Proliferation and Associated Diseases 17 3.2 Role of Abnormal Cell Cycle in the Pathogenesis of Disease 21 3.3 Deregulated Differentiation and Associated Diseases 22 Chapter 4 Apoptosis and Related Disease 27 4.1 Concept of Apoptosis 27 4.2 Phases of Apoptosis 27 4.3 Apoptosis Regulation 28 4.4 Other Types of Cell Death 31 Chapter 5 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Imbalance 34 5.1 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance 34 5.2 Imbalance of Water and Sodium Metabolism 41 5.3 Disorder of Potassium Metabolism 51 5.4 Disturbances of Magnesium Metabolism 60 5.5 Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism 63 Chapter 6 Acid-Base Balance and Imbalance 72 6.1 Normal Acid-Base Balance 72 6.2 Parameters of Acid-Base Balance 76 6.3 Simple Acid-Base Disturbance 78 6.4 Mixed Acid-Base Disturbances 82 6.5 Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Acid-Base Disturbances 83 Chapter 7 Glucose Metabolism Disorders 86 7.1 A General Introduction 86 7.2 Hyperglycemia 86 7.3 Hypoglycemia 96 Chapter 8 Lipid Metabolic Disorder 98 8.1 Overview of Lipid Metabolism 98 8.2 Hyperlipidemia 102 8.3 Hypolipoproteinemia 107 Chapter 9 Inflammation 110 9.1 Etiology of Inflammation 110 9.2 Classification of Inflammation 111 9.3 Mechanism of Inflammation 112 9.4 Outcomes of Acute Inflammation 124 9.5 Pathophysiological Manifestation of Inflammation 125 9.6 Pathophysiological Basis of Treatment 126 Chapter 10 Fever 128 10.1 General Introduction 128 10.2 Etiology 129 10.3 Pathogenesis 130 Chapter 11 Stress 134 11.1 Overview 134 11.2 Physical Reactions In Stress 135 11.3 Psychological Stress 141 11.4 Metabolic and Functional Alterations and Stress Associated Illness 142 11.5 Coping Principles of Pathological Stress 147 Chapter 12 Hypoxia 148 12.1 Parameters of Blood Oxygen 148 12.2 Classification, Etiology and Mechanisms of Hypoxia 148 12.3 Alterations of Metabolism and Function 150 12.4 Alterations in Central Nerve System 152 12.5 Alterations of Tissues and Cells 152 12.6 Factors Influencing Tolerance to Hypoxia 153 12.7 Oxygen Therapy and Oxygen Intoxication 153 Chapter 13 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury 155 13.1 General Introduction 155 13.2 Etiology 155 13.3 Pathogenesis of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury 155 13.4 Alterations of Metabolism and Function 159 13.5 Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment 160 Chapter 14 Shock 163 14.1 Etiology 163 14.2 Classification 164 14.3 Pathogenesis 168 14.4 Alterations of Metabolism and Function 175 14.5 Pathophysiologic Basis of Prevention and Treatment 178 Chapter 15 Coagulation and Anticoagulation Imbalance 180 15.1 Overview of Balance between Coagulation and Anticoagulation 180 15.2 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 187 Chapter 16 Heart Failure 192 16.1 Causes and Precipitating Factors 192 16.2 Classification 193 16.3 Compensatory and Adaptive Response 195 16.4 Pathogenesis 198 16.5 Pathophysiologic Basis of Clinical Manisfestation 201 16.6 Pathophysiologic Basis of Prevention and Treatment 203 Chapter 17 Respiratory Failure 205 17.1 Etiology and Pathogenesis 205 17.2 Alterations of Function and Metabolism 208 17.3 Pathophysiological Basis of Treatment 209 Chapter 18 Hepatic Insufficiency 212 18.1 General Introduction—Liver Structure and Function 212 18.2 Hepatic Insufficiency 212 18.3 Hepatic Encephalopathy 216 18.4 Hepatorenal Syndrome 223 Chapter 19 Renal Dysfunction 226 19.1 Acute Renal Failure 226 19.2 Chronic Renal Failure 230 19.3 Uremia 234 Chapter 20 Brain Dysfunction 237 20.1 A General Introduction 237 20.2 Cognitive Disorders 237 20.3 Consciousness Disorder 243 Chapter 21 Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 248 21.1 Overview 248 21.2 Pathogenesis of MODS 249 21.3 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) 250 21.4 Sepsis 256 21.5 Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 262 INDEX 272
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