目录 前言 全书摘要 第一篇史前稻作的起源与发展1 参考文献3 第一章新石器时期中国南方的生态条件4 第一节气候4 第二节地貌和水系5 第三节植被6 第四节野生稻8 第五节动物10 参考文献12 第二章新石器时期中国南方古人类文明与野生稻驯化14 第一节猿人向晚期智人进化的足迹14 第二节洞穴聚居、野生稻驯化、古栽培稻遗存16 参考文献21 第三章新石器晚期中国南方的稻作文化22 第一节跨湖桥文化22 第二节河姆渡文化27 第三节马家浜文化35 第四节崧泽文化42 第五节良渚文化43 第六节马桥文化简介45 参考文献46 第二篇新石器时期我国南方的灌溉稻田49 参考文献51 第四章长江中游澧县城头山遗址埋藏的稻田52 第一节城头山遗址发现的“模样疑似稻田”52 第二节城头山遗址的“模样疑似稻田”可能是旱稻田52 参考文献55 第五章太湖流域马家浜文化时期埋藏的灌溉稻田56 第一节马家浜文化时期埋藏的灌溉稻田之发现56 第二节马家浜时期灌溉稻田的面积与形状64 第三节马家浜时期灌溉稻田的灌溉系统和灌溉方式65 第四节马家浜时期灌溉稻田的耕作模式、强度和种植时间66 第五节马家浜时期炭化稻粒形态学的研究结果72 参考文献74 第六章长江下游菘泽时期埋藏的灌溉稻田76 第一节菘泽时期埋藏灌溉稻田的发现76 第二节崧泽时期灌溉稻田的年龄、面积、形状77 第三节澄湖遗址崧泽时期灌溉稻田的灌溉系统与灌溉方式78 参考文献79 第七章长江下游良渚文化时期埋藏的灌溉稻田80 第一节良渚文化时期灌溉稻田的发现80 第二节良渚文化时期灌溉稻田的面积、形状83 第三节良渚文化时期灌溉稻田的耕作与灌溉模式84 参考文献84 第八章可能埋藏有史前灌溉稻田的其他地区85 第一节长江三角洲的其他遗址86 第二节钱塘江上游及闽台地区87 第三节江淮流域87 第四节珠江流域和云贵川地区88 第五节黄河中上游发现史前埋藏稻田的可能性90 参考文献91 第三篇史前埋藏水稻土的土壤质量92 参考文献94 第九章史前埋藏水稻土之剖面描述95 第一节6300年BP绰墩遗址马家浜时期的水稻土95 第二节4500年BP临平茅山遗址良渚时期的水稻土101 参考文献107 第十章埋藏史前水稻土的物理特性109 第一节埋藏古水稻土的粒度组成与母质判别109 第二节埋藏古水稻土的矿物组成111 第三节埋藏古水稻土剖面磁化率与成壤过程112 参考文献114 第十一章史前埋藏古水稻土的土壤肥力质量116 第一节埋藏古水稻土的养分含量116 第二节埋藏古水稻土有效养分含量119 第三节埋藏古稻田种植强度与古水稻土氮素矿化122 第四节埋藏古水稻土与现代水稻土的供氮差异及氮肥效应126 第五节不同时期古水稻土与同期同地自然湿地和旱地的肥力比较133 参考文献136 第十二章史前水稻土的土壤健康质量138 第一节绰墩遗址剖面上多环芳烃(PAH)总量的分布138 第二节绰墩遗址剖面中PAH的可能来源141 第三节其他史前水稻土剖面PAH的分布特征144 参考文献149 第十三章史前古水稻土的土壤环境质量151 第一节古水稻土产甲烷潜势及古甲烷菌的群落多样性151 第二节埋藏水稻土的有机质组成与稳定性155 第三节埋藏水稻土的水稻植硅体与碳固持159 第四节埋藏水稻土中的黑炭与碳固持162 参考文献166 第十四章埋藏古水稻土的微生物学特性169 第一节埋藏古水稻土寡营养细菌数量与微生物群落多样性169 第二节埋藏古水稻土氨氧化菌的数量172 第三节水稻种植对古今水稻土微生物功能多样性的影响174 第四节埋藏古水稻土细菌与古菌群落的PCR-DGGE分析178 参考文献183 第四篇时间序列水稻土的生物地球化学185 参考文献187 第十五章杭州湾南岸平原的海塘与时间序列土壤188 第一节杭州湾南岸姚北平原的海塘188 第二节时间序列土壤年龄的估计与剖面采集192 第三节50~2000年水稻土和50~700年旱地土序列土壤的剖面描述198 参考文献209 第十六章时间序列水稻土与旱地土成土过程的比较210 第一节水稻土与旱地土的物理特性210 第二节水稻土与旱地土的物理化学特性217 第三节水稻土与旱地土的生物化学性质226 第四节水稻土发育“三阶段模式”及灌溉稻作促进水稻土形成的机制229 参考文献232 第十七章时间序列水稻土的土壤质量235 第一节时间序列水稻土的土壤肥力质量236 第二节时间序列水稻土的土壤环境质量246 第三节时间序列水稻土的土壤健康质量264 参考文献269 第十八章时间序列水稻土的微生物学特性272 第一节水稻土和旱地土的微生物学性状、微生物生物量与酶活性272 第二节不同利用年限水稻土主要微生物过程的强度279 第三节水稻土固氮、硝化反硝化微生物群落演变和功能基因多样性282 第四节水稻土中氨氧化古菌群落和脂类生物标记物丰富度287 参考文献289 第五篇中国灌溉稻作农业的传布291 第十九章陆上稻米之路292 第一节百越人南迁创“神州”,进入缅越泰印292 第二节百越人北上与贾湖人汇合在黄淮下游发展并向东北亚推进298 第三节长江中下游经中原沿古丝绸之路向西域和中亚传布300 参考文献305 第二十章海上稻米之路307 第一节徐福东渡309 第二节郑和舰队把稻作农业先进技术带到东南亚和印度洋沿岸315 第三节“失联”的郑和麾下把水稻传入美洲317 参考文献319 Content Preface Introduction Part One Origin and Evolution of Prehistoric Rice Culture Chapter I: Ecological Condition during Neolithic Age of Southern China 1. Climate 2. Topography and Water system 3. Plants 4. Wild Rice 5. Animals Reference Chapter II: Pale human-civilization and Domestication of Wild Rice in Southern China 1. Foot Print of the Ape Man Towards Late Homo sapiens 2. Cave Inhabited, Domestication of Wild Rice, Ancient Cultivated Rice Remains Reference Chapter III: Rice Culture during Late Neolithic Age in Southern China 1. Kuahuqiao Culture 2. Hemudu Culture 3. Majiabang Culture 4. Brief Introduction of Songze Culture 5. Brief Introduction of Liangzhu Culture 6. Brief Introduction of Maqiao Culture Reference Part Two Irrigated Rice Fields in Neolithic Age of Southern China Chapter IV: Buried Rice Fields at Chengtoushan Relic site in Middle Reach of Yangtze River 1. Discovery of "Looks Like" Rice Fields at Chengtoushan Relic 2. "Looks Like" Rice Fields Might be as Rain fed Rice field Reference Chapter V: Buried Irrigated Rice fields of Majiabang Culture Period at Tai hu Valley 1. Discovery of Buried Irrigated Rice Fields 2. Shape and Size of Buried Irrigated Rice Fields 3. Irrigation System and Irrigation Methods for Wetland Rice Fields 4. Management Model, Cultivation Intention, Years of Rice Cultivation 5.Outside Shape, Size, Structure Characters of Carbonized Rice Grain References Chapter VI: Buried Irrigated Rice fields of Songze Culture Period at Lower Reaches of Yangtze River 1. Discovery of Buried Irrigated Rice Fields of Songze Culture Period 2. Age, Size and Shape of Buried Irrigated Rice fields of Songze Culture Period 3. Irrigation System and Methods of Irrigated Rice fields at Chenghu Relic Site Reference Chapter VII: Buried Irrigated Rice fields of Liangzhu Culture Period at Lower Reaches of Yangtze River 1. Discovery of Buried Irrigated Rice Fields of Liangzhu Culture Period 2. Size and Shape of Buried Irrigated Rice fields of Liangzhu Culture Period 3. Cultivation and Irrigation Model for Irrigated Rice Plantation of Liangzhu Culture Period References Chapter VIII: Other Relic Sites Where Might Have Buried Rice Fields 1. Other Relic Sites of Yangtze River Delta Area 2. Upper Reaches of Qiantang River, Fujian, and Taiwang 3. Plain between Yangtze River and Huaihe River 4. Pearl River Valley and Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan Area 5. Possible Area of Middle and Upper Reaches of Yellow River References Part Three Soil Quality of Prehistoric Buried Paddy Soils References Chapter IX: Description of Prehistoric Buried Paddy Soil Profiles 1. 6300a BP Paddy Soils of Majiabang Culture at Chuodun Relic Site 2. 4500a BP Paddy Soils of Liangzhu Culture at Linping Relic Site References Chapter X: Physical Properties of Prehistoric Buried Paddy Soils 1. Particle Contents and Identification of Parent Materials 2. Mineral Composition 3. Changes of Magnetic Ratio on the Buried Paddy Soil Profile with Soil Formation Process References Chapter XI: Soil Fertility Quality of Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils 1. Total Nutrients Content of Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils 2. Available Nutrients Content of Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils 3. Planting Intention of Buried Rice Fields and Mineralization of Soil N 4. Comparison of N Supply and Effect of N Fertilization between Prehistoric and Modern Paddy Soils 5. Fertility Comparison Among Prehistoric Paddy Soils and Wetlands as well as Upland Soils with Same Age References Chapter VII Soil Health Quality of Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils 1. Distribution of Total PAH in Soil Profiles of Chuodun Relic Site 2. Possible Sources of PAH in Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils at Chuodun Relics 3. Distribution Characteristic of PAH in Other Prehistoric Paddy Soil Profiles References Chapter XIII: Soil Environment Quality of Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils 1. Methane Production Potential and Diversity of Arechael Methanol-bacterial communities 2. Composition and Stabilization of Organic Matter in Buried Historic Paddy Soils 3. Rice Phytolith Content and Carbon Sequestration by Buried Historic Paddy Soils 4. Black Carbon Content and Carbon Sequestration by Buried Historic Paddy Soils References Chapter XIV: Microbiology Properties of Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils 1. Number of Anaerobic Oligotrophic Bacteria and Community Diversity of Microbes in Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils bacteria 2. Number of Ammonia Oxidization Bacteria in Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils 3. Effects of Rice Plantation on Diversity of Microbe Function in Prehistoric and Modern Paddy Soils 4. PCR-DGGE Analysis for Bacteria and Archaeal Community in Buried Prehistoric Paddy Soils References Part Four Biogeochemistry of 50-2000a Chrononsequence Paddy Soils References Chapter XV: Sea Dykes at South Bank Plain of Hangzhou Bay and Chrononsequence Soils 1. Sea Dykes at South Bank Plain of Hangzhou Bay 2. Estimated Age of Soil and Profile Sampling 3. Observation and Description of Chrononsequence Soil Profiles Reference Chapter XVI: Comparison of Soil Formation Process between Paddy Soil and Non Paddy Soil 1. Physical Properties of Paddy and Non Paddy Soils 2. Geochemical Properties of Paddy and Non Paddy Soils 3. Biochemical Properties of Paddy and Non Paddy Soils 4. Process of Paddy Soil Formation Promoted by Irrigated Rice Culture and "Three Stages Model" of Paddy Soil Evolution Reference Chapter XVII: Soil Quality of Chrononsequence Paddy Soils 1. Soil Fertility Quality of Chrononsequence Paddy Soils 2. Soil Environmental Quality of Chrononsequence Paddy Soils 3.Soil Health Quality of Chrononsequence Paddy Soils References Chapter XVIII: Microbiology Properties of Chrononsequence Paddy Soils 1. Microbiology Properties, Micro Biomass and Enzyme Activities 2. Intention of Main Microbial Process of Chrononsequence Paddy soils 3. Evolution of Microbial Communities for N Fixation, Nitrification and Denitrification as well as Diversity of Functional Gen 4. Ammonia Oxidize Archaeal Community and Abundance of Lipid Biomarker References Part Five Distribution Roads of Irrigated Rice Culture to Other Area Chapter XIX: Terrestrial Rice Roads 1. Yue Man Move to South and Created "Shenzhou" in Yunnan and Further Move to Southeast Asia and Indian 2. Yue Man Move to North and Mixed with Jiahu Man in Lower reaches of Yellow River and Forward to Northeast Asia 3. From Central China towards West Asia and Middle East as Company with Ancient Silk Road References Chapter XX: Marian Rice Roads 1. Marian Rice Roads I - Brining Rice Culture by F. Xu Sailing to Japan 2. Marian Rice Roads II - Brining Rice Culture to Southeast Asia, India and East Africa by Ancient Marian Silk Road and H. Zheng's Naval ship Team 3. Marian Rice Roads III - Is Those Seaman Who "Out of Contact" with Journal H. Zheng and Drifting to America, and Grow Rice there? References