本书综合介绍了三叶虫研究简史、三叶虫的生态、保存方式、釆集、处理和研究方法以及当前国内外三叶虫研究的动态和水平。将具有内脏器官和体节的所谓尾部，修订为腹部；在其后由背壳愈合而成，又不具内脏器官者，划为三叶虫的真正尾部，摆脱三叶虫身体划分旧传统命名，采用新划分意见。系统介绍了三叶虫外骨骼的形态、内部解剖和器官功能、个体发育和分类沿革。应用数理统计和聚类分析方法对三叶虫纲的目和亚目等分类方案进行研究，并系统介绍各级别分类及其代表属的主要特征、地理分布和地质时代，外壳构造演化趋向，三叶虫演化过程的主要阶段及其特征。书中还附三叶虫各主要构造术语中、英文和英、中文对照表。
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目录
- 目录
前言
第一章 一般介绍 1
第一节 研究简史 1
第二节 生态 5
第三节 保存方式、釆集和处理方法 11
第二章 外骨骼的形态 13
第一节 外形、大小和定向 14
一、外形和大小 14
二、定向 14
第二节 外骨骼构造 15
一、背壳部分 15
（一） 头部 16
（二） 胸部 30
（三） 腹部 32
（四） 尾部 34
二、腹面部分 36
第三章 内部解剖 40
第一节 外壳的组织 40
第二节 肌肉系统 41
一、头部肌肉 43
二、胸部和腹部肌肉 44
第三节 内部器官系统 46
一、消化系统 46
二、血管、神经和呼吸系统 47
三、生殖和排泄系统 48
四、其他特性 48
第四章 个体发育 52
第一节 一般特性 52
一、幼年期 53
二、中年期 56
三、成年期 59
第二节 研究三叶虫个体发育的意义和方法 60
一、研究三叶虫个体发育的意义 60
二、研究个体发育方法 61
（一） Eoredlichia intermedia 的个体发育 62
（二） Shumardia pusilla（Sars）的个体发育 63
第五章 分类 65
第一节 三叶虫分类沿革简介 65
第二节 重要科的代表属的特征 75
一、球接子目 Order Agnostida Kobayashi, 1935 75
（一） 球接子亚目Suborder Agnostina Salter，1864 75
球接子科Family Agnostidae M'Coy, 1849 75
球接子属Genus Agnostus Brongniart, 1822 75
盾球接子属Genus Aspidagnostus Whitehouse, 1936 76
等称球接子属Genus Homagnostus Howell, 1935 76
假球接子属Genus Pseudagnostus Jaekel, 1909 76
棒球接子科Family Clavagnostidae Howell, 1937 77
棒球接子属Genus Clavagnostus Howell, 1937 77
双分球接子科Family Diplagnostidae Whitehouse, 1936 78
双分球接子属Genus Diplagnostus Jaekel, 1909 78
老球接子科Family Geragnostidae Howell, 1935 78
老球接子属Genus Geragnostus Howell, 1935 78
皱面球接子属Genus Corrugatagnostus Kobayashi, 1939 79
矛头球接子科Family Hastagnostidae Howell, 1937 79
矛头球接子属Genus Hastagnostus Howell, 1937 79
雕球接子属Genus Glyptagnostus Whitehouse, 1936 80
稜球接子属Genus Goniagnostus Howell, 1935 80
光尾球接子属Genus Lejopyge Hawle et Corda, 1847 80
花球接子属Genus Lotagnostus Whitehouse, 1936 81
褶纹球接子属Genus Ptychagnostus Jaekel, 1909 81
三分球接子属Genus Triplagnostus Howell, 1935 82
秃球接子科Family Phalacromidae Howell et Corda, 1847 82
秃球接子属Genus Phalacroma Howell et Corda, 1847 82
胸针形球接子科Family Peronopsidae Westerg？rd, 1936 83
胸针形球接子属Genus Peronopsis Hawle et Corda, 1847 83
隐球接子属Genus Hypagnostus Jaekel, 1909 83
（二） 古盘虫亚目Suborder Eodiscina Kobayashi, 1939 84
古盘虫科Family Eodiscidae Raymond, 1913 84
古盘虫属Genus Eodiscus Haitlt in Walcott, 1884 84
有眼盘虫属Genus Opsidiscus Westerg？rd, 1950 85
佩奇虫科Family Pagetiidae Kobayashi, 1935 85
佩奇虫属Genus Pagetia Walcott, 1916 85
新科波尔虫属Genus Neocobboldia Rasetti, 1952 86
二、斜视虫目Order Illaenida Jaanusson, 1959 86
（一） 斜视虫亚目Suborder Illaenina Jaanusson, 1959 87
斜视虫超科Superfamily Illaenacea Hawle et Corda, 1847 87
斜视虫科Family Illaenidae Hawle et Corda, 1847 87
斜视虫属Genus Illaenus Dalman, 1827 87
大头虫属Genus Bumastus Murchison, 1839 87
缨盾壳虫科Family Thysanopeltidae Hawle et Corda, 1847 87
盾形虫属Genus Scutellum Pusch, 1833 88
慈利盾形虫属Genus Ciliscutellum Lin, 1987 89
桑植盾形虫属Genus Sangzhiscutellum Lin, 1987 89
（二） 栉虫亚目Suborder Asaphina Salter, 1864 90
栉虫超科 Superfamily Asaphacea Burmeister, 1843 90
栉虫科Family Asaphidae Burmeister, 1843 91
栉虫亚科Subfamily Asaphinae Burmeister, 1843 91
栉虫属Genus Asaphus Brongniart, 1822 91
古等称虫属Genus Eoisotelus Wang, 1938 91
褶尾虫属Genus Ptychopyge Angelin, 1854 91
等称虫亚科Subfamily Isotelinae Angelin, 1854 93
等称虫属Genus Isotelus Dekay, 1824 93
似等称虫属Genus Isoteloides Raymond, 1910 94
小栉虫属Genus Asaphellus Callaway, 1877 94
女儿虫亚科Subfamily Niobinae Jaanusson, 1959 95
女儿虫属Genus Niobe Angelin, 1854 95
小女儿虫属Genus Niobella Reed, 1931 96
龙王盾壳虫亚科Subfamily Ogygiocaridinae Raymond, 1937 96
龙王盾壳虫属Genus Ogygiocaris Angelin, 1854 96
龙王虫属Genus Ogygites Tromlin et Lebesconte, 1876 96
缅甸虫亚属Subgenus Ogygites (Birmanites) Sheng, 1934 96
亚科未定Subfamily Uncertian 97
却尔却克虫属Genus Charchaqia Troedsson, 1937 97
大洪山虫科Family Taihungshaniidae Sun, 1931 97
大洪山虫属Genus Taihungshania Sun, 1931 98
峨嵋虫属Genus Omeipsis Kobayashi, 1951 98
小桐梓虫属Genus Tungtzuella Sheng, 1957 99
宝石虫科Family Nileidae Angelin, 1854 99
宝石虫属Genus Nileus Dalman, 1827 99
裸头虫属Genus Psilocephalina Hsü, 1948 100
粘壳虫属Genus Symphysurus Goldfuss, 1843 100
小铲头虫科Family Dikelocephalinidae Kobayashi, 1936 101
小铲头虫属Genus Dikelocephalina Brogger, 1896 101
栉壳虫属Genus Asaphopsis Mansuy, 1920 101
指纹头虫属Genus Dactylocephalus Hsü, 1948 101
圆尾虫超科Superfamily Cyclopygacea Raymond, 1925 102
圆尾虫科Family Cyclopygidae Raymond, 1925 102
圆尾虫属Genus Cyclopyge Hawle et Corda, 1847 102
锯圆尾虫属Genus Pricyclopyge Richter et Richter, 1954 103
粘合眼圆尾虫属Genus Symphysops Raymond, 1925 103
刺尾虫超科Superfamily Ceratopygacea Linnarsson, 1869 104
刺尾虫科Family Ceratopygidae Linnarsson, 1869 104
刺尾虫属Genus Ceratopyge Hawle et Corda, 1847 104
原刺尾虫属Genus Proceratopyge Wallerius, 1895 104
后油栉虫属Genus Hysterolenus Moberg, 1898 105
三、三瘤虫目Order Trinucleida Swinnerton, 1915 106
（一） 三瘤虫亚目Suborder Trinucleina Swinnerton, 1915 106
三瘤虫科Family Trinucleidae Hawle et Corda, 1847 106
三瘤虫属Genus Trinucleus Murchison, 1839 107
宁强三瘤虫属Genus Ningkianolithus Lu, 1954 107
汉中三瘤虫属Genus Hanchungolithus Lu, 1954 107
南京三瘤虫属Genus Nankinolithus Lu, 1954 108
带针虫科Family Raphiophoridae Angelin, 1854 109
线形头虫属Genus Ampyx Dalman, 1827 109
矛头虫属Genus Lonchodomas Angelin, 1854 109
球刺虫属Genus Bulbaspis Chugaeva, 1958 109
（二） 镰虫亚目 Suborder Harpina Whittington, 1959 110
镰虫科Family Harpidae Hawle et Corda, 1847 110
镰虫属Genus Harpes Goldfuss, 1839 110
优美镰虫属Genus Aristoharpes Whittington, 1950 111
四、莱得利基虫目Order Redlichiida Richter, 1932 112
（一）莱得利基虫亚目Suborder Redlichina Richter, 1932 112
莱得利基虫超科Superfamily Redlichiacea Poulsen, 1927 112
莱得利基虫科Family Redlichiidae Poulsen, 1927 112
莱得利基虫亚科Subfamily Redlichiinae Poulsen, 1927 112
莱得利基虫属Genus Redlichia Cossmann, 1902 112
小寻甸虫属Genus Syndianella Lu, 1961 113
新莱得利基虫科Family Neoredlichiidae Hupé, 1953 114
新莱得利基虫属Genus Neoredlichia Saito, 1936 114
尹氏虫科Family Yinitidae Hupé, 1953 114
尹氏虫属Genus Yinites Lu, 1945 115
保康虫属Genus Paokannia Ho et Lee, 1959 115
小莱得利基虫科Family Redlichinidae Chang et Lin, 1980 116
小莱得利基虫属Genus Redlichina Lermontova, 1940 116
小阿贝得虫科Family Abadiellidae Hupé, 1953 116
小阿贝得虫亚科Subfamily Abadiellinae Hupé, 1953 117
小阿贝得虫属Genus Abadiella Hupé, 1953 117
武定虫亚科Subfamily Wutingaspiinae Chang, 1966 117
武定虫属Genus Wutingaspis Kobayashi, 1944 118
古莱得利基虫属Genus Eoredlichia Chang, 1950 118
椭圆头虫超科Superfamily Ellipsocephalacea Matthew, 1887 119
椭圆头虫科Family Ellipsocephalidae Matthew, 1887 119
椭圆头虫属Genus Ellipsocephalus Zenker, 1833 119
密马卡虫属Genus Micmacca Matthew, 1895 119
古油栉虫科Family Palaeolenidae Hupé, 1953 120
古油栉虫属Genus Palaeolenus Mansuy, 1912 120
原油栉虫科Family Protolenidae Richter et Richter, 1948 121
原油栉虫属Genus Protolenus Matthew, 1892 121
鲍格朗氏虫属Genus Bergeroniellus Lermontova, 1940 121
云南头虫科Family Yunnanocephalidae Hupé, 1953 122
云南头虫属Genus Yunnanocephalus Kobayashi, 1936（= Pseudoptychoparia Ting, 1940） 122
奇异虫超科Superfamily Paradoxidacea Hawle et Corda, 1847 123
奇异虫科Family Paradoxididae Hawle et Corda, 1847 123
奇异虫属Genus Paradoxides Brongniart, 1822 123
木耙虫属Genus Xystridura Whitehouse, 1936 123
（二） 小油栉虫亚目Suborder Olenellina Walcott, 1890 124
小油栉虫科Family Olenellidae Walcott, 1890 125
小油栉虫属Genus Olenellus Hall, 1861 125
卡拉维虫属Genus Callavia Matthew, 1897 125
贺尔姆虫属Genus Holmia Matthew, 1890 126
（三） 宽背虫亚目 Suborder Bathynotina Lochman-Balk, 1959 126
宽背虫科Family Bathynotidae Hupé, 1953 126
宽背虫属Genus Bathynotus Hall, 1860 127
宽背形虫属Genus Bathynotellus Lermontova, 1940 127
五、褶颊虫目Order Ptychopariida Swinnerton, 1915 128
（一） 褶颊虫亚目Suborder Ptychopariina Richter, 1933 128
褶颊虫超科Superfamily Ptychopariacea Matthew, 1887 128
褶颊虫科Family Ptychoparidae Matthew, 1887 128
褶颊虫属Genus Ptychoparia Hawle et Corda, 1847 128
高台虫属Genus Kaotaia Lu, 1962 129
美丽饰边虫属Genus Euloma Angelin, 1854 129
原波曼虫属Genus Probowmania Kobayashi, 1935 130
幕府山虫属Genus Mufushania Lin, 1965 130
遇仙寺虫属Genus Yuehsienszella Chang, 1957 131
依姆李奇虫属Genus Emmrichella Walcott, 1911 131
山东盾壳虫属Genus Shantungaspis Chang, 1957 131
钝锥虫超科Superfamily Conocoryphacea Angelin, 1854 132
钝锥虫科Family Conocoryphidae Angelin, 1854 132
钝锥虫属Genus Conocoryphe Hawle et Corda, 1847 132
毕雷氏虫属Genus Bailiella Matthew, 1885 133
舒马德虫科Family Shumardiidae Lake, 1907 133
舒马德虫属Genus Shumardia Billings, 1862 134
似舒马德虫属Genus Shumardops Hupé, 1953 134
裂头虫超科Superfamily Crepicephalacea Kobayashi, 1935 134
裂头虫科Family Crepicephalidae Kobayashi, 1935 135
小裂头虫属Genus Crepicephalina Resser et Endo, 1937 135
群星虫属Genus Asteromajia Nan et Chang, 1982 135
八公山虫属Genus Bagongshania Lin, 1983 136
贺兰山虫科Family Holanshaniidae Chang, 1963 137
贺兰山虫属Genus Holanshania Tu in Lu, 1957 137
枣庄盾壳虫属Genus Zaozhuangaspis Lin, 1984 138
油栉虫超科Superfamily Olenacea Burmeister, 1843 138
油栉虫科Family Olenidae Burmeister, 1843 139
油栉虫属Genus Olenus Dalman, 1827 139
韦氏虫属Genus Westergaardites Troedsson, 1937 140
纸草虫科Family Papyriaspididae Whitehouse, 1939 140
纸草虫属Genus Papyriaspis Whitehouse, 1939 140
赫定氏虫属Genus Hedinaspis Troedsson, 1951 140
沟肋虫超科Superfamily Solenopleuracea Angelin, 1854 141
沟肋虫科Family Solenopleuridae Angelin, 1854 141
沟肋虫属Genus Solenopleura Angelin, 1854 141
沟颊虫属Genus Solenoparia Kobayashi, 1935 142
野营虫科Family Agraulidae Raymond, 1913 142
野营虫属Genus Agraulos Hawle et Corda, 1847 142
后野营虫属Genus Metagraulos Kobayashi, 1935 143
副野营虫属Genus Paragraulos Lu, 1941 143
圆劳伦斯虫属Genus Cyclolorenzella Kobayashi, 1960 144
李氏虫科Family Lisaniidae Chang, 1963 144
李氏虫属Genus Lisania Walcott, 1911 144
双刺头虫科Family Diceratocephalidae Lu, 1954 145
双刺头虫属Genus Diceratocephalus Lu, 1954 145
鄂尔多斯虫科Family Ordosiidae Lu, 1954 146
鄂尔多斯虫属Genus Ordosia Lu, 1954 146
太子虫属Genus Taitzuia Endo et Resser, 1937 146
无肩虫超科Superfamily Anomocaracea Poulsen, 1927 147
无肩虫科Family Anomocaridae Poulsen, 1927 147
无肩虫属Genus Anomocare Angelin, 1852 147
原附栉虫科Family Proasaphiscidae Chang, 1963 148
原附栉虫属Genus Proasaphiscus Resser et Endo, 1937 148
小东北虫属Genus Manchuriella Resser et Endo, 1937 148
附栉虫超科Superfamily Asaphisacea Raymond, 1924 149
附栉虫科Family Asaphiscidae Raymond, 1924 149
附栉虫属Genus Asaphiscus Meek, 1873 149
小无肩虫科Family Anomocarellidae Hupé, 1953 150
小无肩虫属Genus Anomocarella Walcott, 1905 150
磨盘虫属Genus Mapania Resser et Endo, 1937 150
济南虫科Family Tsinaniidae Kobayashi, 1933 151
济南虫属Genus Tsinania Walcott, 1914 151
孙氏盾虫属Genus Sunaspis Lu, 1953 152
发冠虫超科Superfamily Komaspidacea Kobayashi, 1935 152
发冠虫科Family Komaspididae Kobayashi, 1935 152
发冠虫属Genus Komaspis Kobayashi, 1935 152
小伊尔文虫属Genus Irvingella Ulrich et Resser, 1924 152
爱汶虫科Family Elviniidae Kobayashi, 1935 153
爱汶虫属Genus Elvinia Walcott, 1924 153
泰山虫属Genus Taishania Sun, 1935 153
光盖虫超科Superfamily Leiostegiacea Bradley, 1925 154
光盖虫科Family Leiostegiidae Bradley, 1925 154
古庄氏虫属Genus Eochuangia Kobayashi, 1935 154
庄氏虫属Genus Chuangia Walcott, 1911 155
德氏虫超科Superfamily Damesellacea Kobayashi, 1935 155
德氏虫科Family Damesellidae Kobayashi, 1935 155
德氏虫属Genus Damesella Walcott, 1905 156
蝴蝶虫属Genus Blackwelderia Walcott, 1906 156
王冠头虫属Genus Stephanocare Monke, 1903 157
蝙蝠虫属Genus Neodrepanura Ozdikmen, 2006 157
山东虫属Genus Shantungia Walcott, 1905 158
蒿里山虫科Family Kaolishaniidae Kobayashi, 1935 158
蒿里山虫属Genus Kaolishania Sun, 1924 158
满苏氏虫属Genus Mansuyia Sun, 1924 159
原庄氏虫属Genus Prochuangia Kobayashi, 1935 159
褶盾虫超科Superfamily Ptychaspidacea Raymond, 1924 159
褶盾虫科Family Ptychaspididae Raymond, 1924 160
褶盾虫属Genus Ptychaspis Hall, 1863 160
方头虫属Genus Quadraticephalus Sun, 1924 161
索克氏虫科Family Saukiidae Ulrich et Resser, 1930 161
索克氏虫属Genus Saukia Walcott, 1914 161
泰勒氏虫属Genus Tellerina Ulrich et Resser, 1933 161
卡尔文氏虫属Genus Calvinella Walcott, 1914 162
浆肋虫超科Superfamily Remopleuridacea Hawle et Corda, 1847 162
浆肋虫科Family Remopleurididae Hawle et Corda, 1847 162
浆肋虫属Genus Remopleurides Portlock, 1843 163
超科未定Superfamily Uncertian 163
光壳虫科Family Liostracinidae Raymond, 1937 163
光壳虫属Genus Liostracina Monke, 1903 163
长山虫科Family Changshaniidae Kobayashi, 1935 164
长山虫属Genus Changshania Sun, 1924 164
（二） 蚜头虫亚目 Suborder Proetina Fortey et Owens, 1975 164
蚜头虫科Family Proetidae Salter, 1864 165
蚜头虫属Genus Proetus Steininger, 1831 165
菲利普虫科Family Phillipsidae Oehlert, 1886 165
菲利普三叶虫属Genus Phillipsia Portlock, 1843 165
双切尾虫属Genus Ditomopyge Newell, 1931 166
假菲利普虫属Genus Pseudophillipsia Gemmellaro, 1892 166
（三） 隐头虫亚目Suborder Calymenina Swinnerton, 1915 167
隐头虫科Family Calymenidae Burmeister, 1843 167
隐头虫属Genus Calymene Brongniart, 1822 168
隐头形虫属Genus Calymenesun Kobayashi, 1951 168
瑞德隐头虫属Genus Reedocalymene Kobayashi, 1951 168
岛头虫属Genus Neseuretus Hicks, 1872 170
六、耸棒头虫目Order Corynexochida Kobayashi, 1935 170
叉尾虫科Family Dorypygidae Kobayashi, 1935 170
叉尾虫属Genus Dorypyge Dames, 1883 171
库廷虫属Genus Kootenia Walcott, 1888 171
掘头虫科Family Oryctocephalidae Beecher, 1897 172
掘头虫属Genus Oryctocephalus Walcott, 1886 172
小东京虫属Genus Tonkinella Mansuy, 1916 173
节头虫属Genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 173
似手尾虫科Family Cheiruroididae Chang, 1963 173
似手尾虫属Genus Cheiruroides Kobayashi, 1935 174
长眉虫科Family Dolichometopidae Walcott, 1916 174
双耳虫属Genus Amphoton Lorenz, 1906 174
孙氏虫属Genus Sunia Kobayashi, 1942 175
复州虫属Genus Fuchouia Resser et Endo, 1935 175
七、镜眼虫目Order Phacopida Salter, 1864 176
（一） 镜眼虫亚目Suborder Phacopina Struve, 1959 176
镜眼虫超科Superfamily Phacopacea Hawle et Corda, 1847 176
镜眼虫科Family Phacopidae Hawle et Corda, 1847 177
镜眼虫属Genus Phacops Emmrich, 1839 177
达尔曼虫超科Superfamily Dalmanitacea Vogdes, 1890 178
达尔曼虫科Family Dalmanitidae Vogdes, 1890 178
达尔曼虫属Genus Dalmanites Barrande, 1852 178
小达尔曼虫属Genus Dalmanitina Reed, 1905 178
宋溪虫属Genus Songxites Lin, 1981 178
（二） 手尾虫亚目Suborder Cheirurina Harrington et Leanza, 1957 180
手尾虫科Family Cheiruridae Salter, 1864 180
手尾虫属Genus Cheirurus Beyrich, 1845 180
慧星虫科Family Encrinuridae Angelin, 1854 181
慧星虫属Genus Encrinurus Emmrich, 1844 181
王冠虫属Genus Coronocephalus Grabau, 1924, emend.Wang, 1938 182
八、裂肋虫目Order Lichida Moore, 1959 182
裂肋虫科Family Lichidae Hawle et Corda, 1847 182
裂肋虫属Genus Lichas Dalman, 1827 182
棘尾虫属Genus Acanthopyge Hawle et Corda, 1847 183
九、齿肋虫目 Order Odontopleurida Whittington, 1959 184
齿肋虫科Family Odontopleuridae Burmeister, 1843 184
齿肋虫属Genus Odontopleura Emmrich, 1839 184
狮头虫属Genus Leonaspis Richter et Richter, 1917 184
第六章 演化趋向 186
第一节 三叶虫外壳构造演化趋向 186
一、头部 187
二、胸部 189
三、腹部 190
四、尾部 190
第二节 三叶虫演化过程的主要阶段及其特征 191
一、寒武纪阶段 191
二、奥陶纪阶段 194
三、志留纪—二叠纪阶段 195
参考文献 198
附录 本书采用的构造术语对照 204
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