CONTENTS Deepen the Reform of System and Mechanism,Develop the Poteintial of Science,Technology and Innovationi i Introductionv v Chapter 1An Outlook on Science 1 1.1Space Science：the Pioneer in Basic Frontier Science Exploration 22 1.2Development Prospect of Micro/NanoPhotonics 32 Chapter 2Frontiers in Sciences 33 2.1The Rosseta Mission：Catching A Comet 41 2.2Major Research Problems in the Frontier of Nuclear Physics45 2.3Research Progress and Prospect of Neutrino Studies 49 2.4Chiral Science and Chiro technology：A Multidimensional and Interdisciplinary Frontier in the Arena of Chemical Science 53 2.5Photonics Functional MetalOrganic Frameworks 60 2.6C1 Chemistry and Catalysis in Clean and Efficient Conversion of Coal 65 2.7Genome Editing：Development，Applications and Opportunities 70 2.8Progress in the Study of“Mapping Brain Functional Connections”77 2.9Current Status and Prospect of Molecular Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer84 2.10HIV1 Latent Reservoir and Therapy89 2.11Health Effects of Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air93 2.12CryoElectron Microscopy is Becoming the Major Research Tool of Structural Biology98 2.13Efficient Blue Lightemitting Diode—Commentary on the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics102 2.14Superresolution Fluorescent Microscopy—Commentary On the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry108 2.15The Brains Inner Global Positioning System (GPS)—Commentary on the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine113 Chapter 3Representative Achievements of Chinese Scientific Research in 2014 115 3.1Progress in Hilberts 18th Problem119 3.2Chinese Astronomer was Invited to Review Our Current Understanding of Black Hole Accretion122 3.3Experimental Realization of Universal Geometric Quantum Gates with Solidstate Spins125 3.4Upgrade Catalytic Interfaces of Nanocatalysts from OneDimensional to ThreeDimensional127 3.5DemonLike Algorithmic Quantum Cooling and Its Realization with Quantum Optics130 3.6Nonlinear Inelastic Electron Scattering Revealed by Plasmonenhanced Electron Energyloss Spectroscopy133 3.7Aptamers for Theranostics：Molecular Drug136 3.8Solutionprocessed，Highperformance Lightemitting Diodes Based on Quantum Dots140 3.9Identification of An Iridiumcontaining Compound with A Formal Oxidation State of Ⅸ143 3.10Research Progress on Mercuryfree Catalyst for Synthesis of Vinyl Chloride Via Acetylene Hydrochlorination：Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanocomposites SiC@N—C147 3.11The Secondary Structure of Chromatin—Double Helical Model of the 30nm Chromatin Fiber152 3.12MicroRNA Directly Enhances Mitochondrial Translation during Muscle Differentiation155 3.13Complementary Sequencemediated Exon Circularization 3.14TET and TDG Mediate DNA Demethylation Essential for MesenchymaltoEpithelial Transition in Somatic Cell Reprogramming158 3.15GenomeWide Association Analyses Provide Genetic and Biochemical Insights into Natural variation in Rice Metabolism165 3.16Polar Body Genome Transfer for Preventing the Transmission of Inherited Mitochondrial Diseases167 3.17An Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine in Healthy Children172 3.18Alterations of the Human Gut Microbiome in Liver Cirrhosis176 3.19Mutant ZP1 in Familial Infertility180 3.20Molecular Mechanism of Innate Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases183 3.21An Integrative Approach to Understanding Bird Origins186 3.22The Response of Tropical Terrestrial Carbon Cycle to Climate Change189 3.23Deep Earth and Advances in High Pressure Crystallography193 3.24500Year Climate Cycles Stacking of Recent Centennial Warming Documented in Pollen Record196 3.25The First Accurate,Comprehensive and Quantitative Study of Secondary Aerosol in PM2.5 During Haze Pollution in China200 Chapter 4Observations on Development of Science and Technology201 4.1Observations on Development of Basic Sciences and Frontiers213 4.2Observations on Development of Public Health Science and Technology222 4.3Observations on Development of Biological Sciences229 4.4Observations on Development of Agricultural Science and Technology238 4.5Observations on Development of Environment Science248 4.6Observations on Development of Earth Science258 4.7Observations on Development of Oceanography267 4.8Observations on Development of Space Science277 4.9Observations on Development of Information Science and Technology284 4.10Observations on Development of Energy Science and Technology294 4.11Observations on Development of Advanced Materials and Manufacturing303 4.12Observations on Development of Major Research Infrastructure Science and Technology314 Chapter 5Brief Accounts of Science Developments in China315 5.1Major Progress of the Work of the Department of Basic Research of Ministry of Science and Technology in 2014 324 5.2Projects Granted by National Natural Science Fund in 2014 330 5.3The Evaluation of Academic Production in China—Based on WoS Database (20092013)343 Chapter 6Suggestions on Science Developments in China 345 6.1Building Special Zone of Ecological Prataculture,Exploring New Development Mode for Pastoral Area 351 6.2Impact of Climate Change on Tibetan Plateaus Function of Environmental and Ecological Security Barrier and the Adaptive Strategies for It 355 6.3Suggestions for Function Orientation and coordinating development of subregions within JingJinJi Urban Agglomeration 364 6.4Suggestions for Deepening Reform of Medical and Health System372 6.5Implementing Strategic Research on“Materials Genome”,and Promoting Material Development for Advanced Manufacturing 378 Appendix 379 1. 2014s Top 10 S&T Advances in China and World 381 2. Overview of Xiangshan Science Conference Academic Meetings 2014 390 3. List of Forum on Frontiers of Science & Technology by Academic Divisions of CAS in 2014 393
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